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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Individual Discrimination
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behavior of individuals.
a. Who can commit these acts of discrimination? ANYONE |
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Institutional Discrimination
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policies and practices.
a. Who? People in a place of power- public or private sector. These are the people who make the laws, who say who can/can’t have access, live in a certain area, etc. |
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Structural Discrimination
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”neutral” intent but harmful affect. The hardest to see and identify. Not typically intent. Say they are not going to discriminate against race, religion, etc.
a. Who? The dominant group b. Example: UCLA average GPA is 4.2 and most lower income students cannot even take AP classes in high school so they cannot get in! |
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wealth
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total value of economic assets. Including income, real estate, savings, stocks, retirement funds, etc. money that helps us thrive
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racism
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1) A doctrine of racial supremacy, stating that one race is superior to another. 2) The act of linking the physical attributes of a group with alleged sociocultural capabilities and behaviors to assert the superiority of one race. 3) Any attitude, belief, behavior, or institutional relationship that tends to favor one racial or ethnic group (usually a majority group) over another (usually a minority group). 4) The assigning of attitudes, behaviors, and abilities to individuals or groups based on skin color; includes the institutional arrangements that privilege one group over another and the ideological apparatus that perpetuates and makes those arrangements possible.
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transformative assets
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Assets that individuals receive, typically from parents or grandparents, that socially and economically “transform” their lives. For example, getting a down payment for a house in a neighborhood you could not afford otherwise, having your parents pay for your college education so you start your professional life without any college debt, or receiving an inheritance.
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asset poverty
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Individuals and families that experience asset poverty may have enough income to survive, but they have few or no assets in the form of savings, stocks, bonds, retirement accounts, property, etc. An asset-poor household is one in which a sudden halt in income—due to a death in the family, illness, or job loss, for example—would have serious consequences immediately. In the United States, racial and ethnic minorities are much more likely to be asset poor than their White counterparts.
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hate crime
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An ordinary crime becomes a hate crime when offenders choose a victim because of some characteristic—for example, race, ethnicity, or religion—and provide evidence that hate prompted them to commit the crime. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) definition of hate crime requires that corroborating evidence of hate motivation must be present at the incident. Specifically, under this definition, a) the offender must have used derogatory language, b) the offender must have left hate symbols, or c) the police must have confirmed that a hate crime had taken place.
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What is the difference between income and wealth?
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income is economic gain from wages, salaries and government aid. it is what helps us to survive.
wealth : total value of economic assets. including income, real estate, savings, stocks, retirement funds. money that helps us thrive |
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Which (wealth or income) is a better indicator of progress toward social and intergenerational equality? Why?
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income is. because wealth can be passed down over time through the family but income is what you as an individual earn and do.
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Describe the differences in median household income by race/ethnicity
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whites have 2x times more wealth than average Asian household
whites have 18 times more wealth than the average Latino house hold whites have 20 times more wealth than the average black household. |
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How much wealth does the top 10% of the American population hold?
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top 10% own 71.5% of all the wealth.
50-90% of people own 26% of all wealth bottom 50% have 2.5% of wealth |
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What happened in terms of median net worth for each of these groups between 2005 and 2009 (see 9-19-11 slides)? What explains this pattern?
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(The Minorities are becoming more and more economically insecure as the years go on) . everyone has lost wealth over the years. In 2005 asian on average had more wealth but in 2009 it switched back to whites. Hispanics have experienced the biggest downfall (-66%) in the last 4 years.
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Howard Pincus argues that there are three different levels of discrimination that exist in the United States, and that helps explain disparities. Can you name those three levels of discrimination, define them, and identify who is most likely to commit each type of discrimination? Can you also identify examples (either from the reading or from the class discussion) that help illustrate each level of discrimination?
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individual discrimination
institutional discrimination structural discrimination look at definitions above |
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What factors help explain the racial wealth gap in the United States? How are these factors interrelated?
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1. Differential home ownership rates. (who owns a home and who does not). Whites are most likely to own their homes.
a.Gap in income (are you able to put a down payment on a house, etc)/ assets (asset poor= you are in debt) b.Discriminatory lending and housing policies. ex: home loans often go to whites 2. Differential inheritance rates 25% of whites will get $20,000 or more and only 5% of blacks will. Most whites get about 144,000 dollars!! Blacks is about 41,985 3. Historical exclusion from benefits a.Educational b.Workforce: retirement funds; whites have almost 6 times for money in their retirement benefit compared to Latinos. 4.Deindustrialization a.Job deskilling b.Seniority-based layoffs |
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what happened to james byrd?
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he was walking home and got picked up by 3 white aryan guys who were drunk and they offered him a ride home. they drug him on the back of there car for 2 miles until his head got riped off and he was left for dead. they did this because they were starting a new white supremicy group and want publicity.
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showard beach?
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howard beach in NY is where 3 black males were assualted by an anger group of white men who killed one guy and beat the other. just for being black and in "their" town.
the public was outraged because the men got off with a very light sentence |
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Based on FBI hate crime data, what form of bias is most likely to motivate hate crimes? Within each bias category, which group is most often targeted (see 9-21-11 slides)?
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*race (71% is anti-black) associated hate crime has always been the highest reason.
jews are also the highest religion discriminated against. |
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what is the gap between what amount of whites will get a large inheritance compared to blacks?
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5% of blacks will get more than 20,000 dollars for there inheritance.
25% of whites will get 145,000 dollars or more for an inheritance |
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Explaining the Racial Wealth Gap
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Differential home ownership rates
Differential inheritance rates Historical exclusion from benefits |
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average retirement for whites black and latinos
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whites: $65,000
blacks: $12,000 latinos: $10,000 |
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how many hate crimes go unreported?
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1 in 20 are reported.
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why are they underreported?
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because of fear, or they dont know what a hate crime is many different factors. and police might not report it because they do not know what a hate crime is either.
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What factors help explain why hate crimes are considered a special category of crime, and thus involve harsher penalties for the perpetrators?
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~84% hate crimes= are violent. 23% of non-hate crimes= violent
~multiple offenders: 64% hate crimes involve multiple offenders. While 20% of all crimes involve multiple offenders -Greater physical/Psychological trauma to victims -victims are interchangeable ~85% of hate cases, victim doesn’t know the perpetrator -all members of targeted group suffer |
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Drawing on information from the Southern Poverty Law Center’s hate groups map, please describe where hate groups are most likely to be located in this nation
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mostly in LA and NY
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