Soc Unit 3

Front 1

Primary relationships

Back 1

informal face to face relationships where purpose is socialization. Groups include family and friends

Front 2

secondary relationships

Back 2

formal impersonal relationships that exists to serve a function or purpose

Front 3

Embedded network

Back 3

ties that are reinforced through indirect paths (mutual friends)withing a social network, ties are strong

Front 4

Weak ties and the strength of them

Back 4

ties are NOT reinforced by indirect paths, but are still valuable because they can hold new information

Front 5

Structural hole

Back 5

A gap between two different network clusters where a possible tie could become an actual tie

Front 6

Social capital

Back 6

info and knowledge of people and connections that help individuals gain power in otherwise leverage social networks

Front 7

Core infection model

Back 7

Infection circulates through everyone in core group but also connected to outward partners

sex with each other in the code, and also outside of the code. Multiple people, multiple times

Front 8

Bridge between disjoint populations

Back 8

Connects two populations through one person who bridges these two groups.

EX:one group could be infected and the other is not but one person can connect these two groups

Front 9

Inverse core model

Back 9

Not having sex with each other, but having sex with other people outside of the core

Front 10

Spanning tree

Back 10

long chain of inner connection that stretches across a population

Front 11

George simmel

Back 11

argues that without knowing anything about the groups members individual psychology or cultural or social context in which they are embedded, we can make predictions about the ways people are going to behave soley on the number of people or social actors in that group

Front 12

Stratification (general definiton)

Back 12

Stratification describes the way in which different groups of people are placed within society. The status of people is often determined by how society is stratified - the basis of which can include; Wealth and income - This is the most common basis of stratification,Social class, Ethnicity, Gender, Political status, Religion

Front 13

Stratification (book definiton)

Back 13

structured social inequality or more specifically systematic inequalites between groups of people that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social process and relationships

Front 14

Class stratification

Back 14

Economically based system of stratification. Social mobility based on roles in the production process rather than individual characteristics

Front 15

Ontological equality

Back 15

everyone is created equal at birth and is seen equal through the eyes of god

Front 16

Equality of oppurtunity

Back 16

Inequality is acceptable if everyone has the same oppurtunites for advancement and is judged by the same standards

Front 17

Equality of conditon

Back 17

everyone should have an equal start to pursue goals

Front 18

equality of outcome

Back 18

everyone in a society should end up with the same rewards

Front 19

Ferguson and Millar

Back 19

Stratification is efficent and good, mertioracracy

Front 20

meritoracracy

Back 20

status and mobility are based on
individual attributes, ability and achievement

Front 21

Malthus

Back 21

inequality controls population growth

equal distribution of resources would increase the world’s population to unsustainable levels

population growth will outpace agricultural
production or other natural resources

ultimately creating mass starvation and conflict

Front 22

Definiton of poverty

Back 22

deprivation due to economic
circumstances

severe enough that the individual in this
condition cannot live with dignity in society

Front 23

Factors influencing poverty

Back 23

structural factors (william julius wilson)

deindustrialization and globalization

◦

suburbanization and discrimination as
causes of urban poverty

◦

25.7% of African Americans fall below the
poverty line

◦

Front 24

Culture of poverty theory

Back 24

poor people adopt certain practices,
which differ from those of middle-
class, “mainstream” society, in order to
adapt and survive in difficult economic
circumstances

Front 25

Defineition of capitalism

Back 25

Economic system in which property and goods are primarely owned privately, investes are determined by private deciseions and prices, production and the distribution of goods are determined primarly by competion in an unfetterd marketplace

Front 26

History of capitalism

Back 26

feudal system prior to capitalism in Europe

system changed with the enclosure movement

private property forced people off “public land”
and sent people to look for work in cities

agricultural revolution:new farming technologies = mass production

of agriculture

increase the population and land value

•

industrial revolution:

•

from agreements between individuals
to contracts between individuals and
corporations

•

structures implemented to increase industrial
output

Front 27

globilization

Back 27

“multidimensional set of social processes
that create, multiply and intensify worldwide
exchanges and interdependencies”

Front 28

Labor market segmentation

Back 28

holding constant productivity and efficiency,
some workers are valued more than others

primary sector-contains higher-grade, higher-status, and better-paid jobs,

secondary sector-characterised jobs which are mostly low-skilled and require relatively little training. high levels of labor low wages

Front 29

processes of the global economy

Back 29

offshoring: movement of all or partial
production ‘overseas’

flexible production: spatial specialization of
the global production process

sweatshop production: factory work that
falls below labor standards

Front 30

economic system/market structure

Back 30

private property

competition (free market)

profits