Soc Psych Exam 1

Front 1

Why don't use common sense? (3)

Back 1

1. Varied Experiences
2. Hypothesis (testing bias)
3. Limited Sample

Front 2

Hypothesis (testing bias)

Back 2

look for confirming info

Front 3

Lab Research

Back 3

regulated environment with participants carefully observed

Front 4

Field Research

Back 4

done in real-world locations

Front 5

Research Methods (2)

Back 5

1. Correlational Research
2. Experimental Research

Front 6

Correlation Research

Back 6

focuses on relationship between two variables

Front 7

Types of Correlational Data (3)

Back 7

1. correlational coefficient
2. Group Differences
3. Percentages

Front 8

Independent Variable

Back 8

what is being varied

Front 9

Dependent Variable

Back 9

what is being measured

Front 10

Criteria for establishing causality (3)

Back 10

1. Concomitant Variation
2. Sequence of occurrence of variables
3. Elimination of other possible factors

Front 11

Key Feature of an Experiment (2)

Back 11

1. Control over independent variable
2. Random assignment of subjects to conditions

Front 12

Self-Concept

Back 12

How you think about yourself

Front 13

Self-Esteem

Back 13

How you feel/evaluate yourself

Front 14

Difference Between "Me" & "I"
(William James)

Back 14

I = Knower
Me = Known

Front 15

Constituents of the "Me" (3)

Back 15

1. Material Me
2. Social Me
3. Spiritual Me

Front 16

Material Me

Back 16

physical body, pets & people, possessions (emotional response)

Front 17

Social Me

Back 17

groups of people that describe you (social groups)

Front 18

Spiritual Me

Back 18

emotional, philosophies, religion, intellect, personality

Front 19

Collective Self (3)

Back 19

1. Ethnic Identity
2. Religious Identity
3. Racial Identity

Front 20

Independent Self

Back 20

Self separate from others

Front 21

Interdependent Self

Back 21

Self tied with other people

Front 22

Marku's Working Self-Concept

Back 22

attention to certain aspects of self in working memory in certain situations

Front 23

Contents of Self-Concept (2)

Back 23

1. Self Attributions
2. Self-Schemas

Front 24

Self-Attributes

Back 24

role of social comparison

Front 25

Schemas

Back 25

concepts we organize about an object or thing
how we process things

Front 26

Factors Promoting Stability (3)

Back 26

1. Choice of Social Situation
2. Seek Confirmatory Feedback
3. Selecting Values

Front 27

Choice of Social Situation

Back 27

choose situations that fits with self image

Front 28

Seek Confirmatory Feedback

Back 28

pay attention to feedback that supports self image and avoid negative feedback

Front 29

Factors Promoting Change (3)

Back 29

1. Major Life Changes
2. Stereotype Threat

Front 30

Major Life Changes (2)

Back 30

1. Developmental Tasks
2. Changes in life situations

Front 31

Stereotype Threat (2)

Back 31

1. Misidentification
2. Confirm Stereotype

Front 32

Cognitive Model of Self-Esteem

Back 32

self-evaluations affect how we feel about self

Front 33

James Cognitive Model (2)

Back 33

1. Trait Level
2. State Level

Front 34

Trait Level

Back 34

general self-esteem

Front 35

State Level

Back 35

Fluctuation in certain situations

Front 36

How to higher self-esteem (4)

Back 36

1. Lower standers
2. Break goals in small steps
3. Practice More
4. Change perception on what success is

Front 37

Horter's Cognitive Model

Back 37

weigh domain by importance

Front 38

5 Domain of Child Self-Esteem (Horter)

Back 38

1. Physical Appearance
2. Peer Likability
3. Athletic Competence
4. Scholastic Competence
5. Behavioral Competence

Front 39

3 More Domains of Adolescent Self-Esteem (Horter)

Back 39

1. Close Friendships
2. Romantic Appeal
3. Job Competence

Front 40

Crocker's Cognitive Model (7 Contingencies)

Back 40

1. Appearance
2. Other's approval
3. Outdoing others' in competition
4. Academic Competency
5. Love and support from family
6. Virtue
7. God's Love

Front 41

Contingency Model

Back 41

bases of self-esteem vary depending on person's interpretation of events

Front 42

Affect Mode of Self-Esteem

Back 42

overall feelings of self affect our specific evaluation

Front 43

Self-esteem depends on: (2)

Back 43

1. Feeling of Belonging
2. Mastery

Front 44

Feeling of Belonging

Back 44

idea that you will be loved regardless

Front 45

Mastery

Back 45

having an effect on others and things

Front 46

Downside of Self-Esteem (4) (Neff 2008)

Back 46

1. Difficult to raise self-esteem
2. Attempts can ignore need to change patterns of harmful behavior
3. Attempt has been linked to narcissism
4. Derogate others to feel better about self

Front 47

Three main components

Back 47

1. Self-Kindness
2. Common humanity
3. Mindlfulness

Front 48

Self-Knowledge (4)

Back 48

1. Explaining behavior and mood
2. explaining why we do something
3. Misattribution of Emotion
4. Mood Research

Front 49

Nisbett & Wilson's Nylon Stocking Study

Back 49

position of object can influence if you like something

Front 50

Mood Research

Back 50

people don't accurately identify factors

Front 51

Daffodil Days Study

Back 51

people tend to think highly of themselves and wrongly predict behavior

Front 52

Strauger's Study

Back 52

people tend to think good things will happen to them

Front 53

Impact Bias

Back 53

overestimate the impact of emotion-causing events

Front 54

Impact Bias Why? (2)

Back 54

1. Function of everything that happens in daily life
2. Immune Neglect

Front 55

Immune Neglect

Back 55

people cope and move on

Front 56

Self-Efficacy

Back 56

how likely that you can do something

Front 57

Vicarious Experience

Back 57

see someone similar do something so you can do it

Front 58

Self-Efficacy Components (3)

Back 58

1. Performance Accomplish Influence
2. Vicarious Experience
3. Verbal Persuasion

Front 59

Self Efficacy Affects (3)

Back 59

1. Whether we initiate behavior
2. The effort put in
3. Persistence

Front 60

Learned Helplessness

Back 60

learn nothing you do makes a difference

Front 61

3 Deficits of Learned Helplessness

Back 61

1. Cognitive Deficits
2. Affective Deficits
3. Behavioral Deficits

Front 62

Cognitive Deficits

Back 62

stop thinking you can do something

Front 63

Affective Deficits

Back 63

negative feelings & emotions toward doing something

Front 64

Behavioral Deficits

Back 64

just stop trying

Front 65

Locus of Control (2)

Back 65

1. Internal
2. External

Front 66

Internal LOC

Back 66

believe they are in control

Front 67

External LOC

Back 67

believe fate and outside forces are in control

Front 68

attribution

Back 68

how individuals explain causes of behavior and events

Front 69

Kelley's Attribution Theory (3)

Back 69

1. Consistency
2. Distinctiveness Information
3. Consensus

Front 70

Consistency

Back 70

does person usually behave this way

Front 71

Distinctiveness Information

Back 71

does person act this way all the time or just this situation

Front 72

Consensus

Back 72

do others act the same way in the same situation

Front 73

Fundamental Attribution Error
(Correspondence Bias)

Back 73

The tendency to observers to underestimate situation influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon other's behavior

Front 74

Heuristics

Back 74

mental shortcuts of estimating the likelihood of an event

Front 75

Availability Heuristic

Back 75

estimate based on available information

Front 76

Base-rate Fallacy

Back 76

receive info about a single thing, statistics don't matter anymore

Front 77

Representativeness Heuristic

Back 77

judge the probability or frequency of hypothesis by considering how much hypothesis resembles available data

Front 78

Overconfidence Phenomenon (3)

Back 78

1. Overestimation
2. Overplacement
3. Overprecisionb

Front 79

Overestimation

Back 79

overestimation of one's performance, ability, level of control, or rate of work

Front 80

Overplacement

Back 80

inflated belief that one is better than others

Front 81

Overprecision

Back 81

excessive belief in the truth in own belief

Front 82

Illusory Correlation

Back 82

seeing a relationship in data when no such relationsh exists