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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ADOLPH HITLER
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- leader of Nazi Germany, lead cleansing of the Jews throughout Europe during WWII, killed millions. Threatened Jews and increased Euro-Jew immigration to Palestine
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AL-AQSA MOSQUE
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- also known as the temple mount, border with wailing wall, located in controversial/shared East Jerusalem
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ALFRED DRYFUS
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- French Jewish army captain who was falsely accused and convicted for spying on German army – notoriously anti-Semitic incident in France
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ANTI-SEMITISM
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- hatred of the Jews,
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ARAB
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- someone who’s native tongue is Arabic
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ARIEL SHARON
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- Prime Minister of Israel from (March 2001- April 2006) in a coma. Wanted to establish peace without sacrificing Israel’s security
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ARMISTICE TREATIES OF 1949
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- 1949-1967 all of Palestine except for the West Bank of Gaza known as Israel property, West Bank given to Trans-Jordan
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ARTHUR BALFOUR
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- Prime Minister of UK, promised Jews a homeland in Palestine, author Balfour Declaration
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BALFOUR DECLARATION
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- (11/2/1947) Promises European Jews a homeland in Palestine. Denies existence of Palestinian people (not reversed until 1993). A document in which one powerful nation solemnly promises to a second nation not yet born the homeland of a third nation already in place
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BIRTH OF ISRAEL IN PALESTINE
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- (5/15/1948) third attempt to divide Palestine between euro-Jews and native Palestinians. UN resolution 181
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BRITISH MANDATE
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- occupation of Palestine by British soldiers, allowed for the great influx of Jewish immigrants following WWII (1920-1940)
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CHRISTIAN ZIONISM
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- belief that return of Jews to the Holy land and establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 is in accordance with the Biblical prophecy (abrahamic promise), emphasis on Jewish roots of Christianity
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CURRENT CAPITAL OF ISRAEL
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- Tel Aviv
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DAVID BEN GURION
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- first prime minister of Israel
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DEMISE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
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- 1918 dismemberment by Britain, France, and Italy. Rise of the state system except for Palestine, never granted independence
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DER JUDEN STAAT
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- ‘the Jewish state’ asserted that Palestine was vacant - zionism
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DIASPORA
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- people/ethnic group forced or induced to leave their traditional homeland
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FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
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- US prez, first to get involved with the ME (3/24/1945), made promises not followed through by Truman
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GAZA
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- region of Palestine, occupied by Israel but under the jurisdiction of Palestinian authority, allotted as Palestinian territory by the UN
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GENEVA AGREEMENT
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- set standards for international law for humanitarian concerns
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GENOCIDE
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- systematic mass killing according to race, racial cleansing e.g. Nazis, Zionists
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GOLAN HEIGHTS
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controlled by Israel, taken from Syria during the 6 Days War. USS Liberty attacked in invasion. UN res. 242 says Israel should withdraw
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GOLDA MEIR
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- one of the founders of the state of Israel, Minister of Labor, foreign minister and fourth prime minister of Israel
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HAMAS
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- Islamic resistance movement- Palestinian sunni Islamist group. Form major part of Palestinian National Authority. Known for suicide bombings, want destruction of the state of Israel and replaced with the Palestinian-Islamic state. Use terrorism
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HARRY TRUMAN
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- US prez following FDR, did not keep any of the promises of FDR to the Palestinians and was won over by Zionist lobbyist
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HOLOCAUST
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- the genocide of millions of Jews at the hands of the Nazis, led to exile of Euro Jews to Palestine
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HOLY LAND
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- Palestine/Israel. Also known as the promised land, promised to Moses. Considered promised land by Zionist
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HUSSEIN-MACMAHON AGREEMENT
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- in conflict with Sykes Picot Agreement. Correspondence between Britain and Arab- future political status of Palestine, ambiguous because Palestine is not directly mentioned
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IBN SAUD
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- first monarch of Saudi Arabia
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INTIFADA
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- first intifada (12/7/87- 9/13/93) means “to shake off” the occupation. PLO recognized Israel on 11/15/88 as a condition for peace. Second Intifada (9/8/00- 2/8/05) after Jews take over Jerusalem
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ISRAELI ASPIRATIONS
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- to establish and independent state, a homeland
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ISRAELI LIBERATED TERRITORIES
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- another word for occupied territories
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ISRAELI NATIONALISM
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- excessive allegiance, assert interest, desire for advancement of Israel and Independence of Israel
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ISRAELI OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
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- areas captured by Israel from Egypt, Jordan, Syria during the 6 Day War. West Bank, Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem, Golan Heights
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ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS
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- (Kibbutz) communities built by Israelis in territory occupied during the 6 Day War in W. Bank, E. Jerusalem, Golan Heights.
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JEWISH DIASPORA
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- dispersion of Jewish people throughout Babylon and the Roman Empire in the 6th-8th century. Spread throughout the world by immigration of conversion
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JEWISH ZIONISM
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- form of racial discrimination, supports homeland for Jewish people
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JUDEA & SAMARIA
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- racial discrimination in biblical times
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KNESSET
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- the legislature of Israel located in Jerusalem, enacts laws, elects prime minister, supervises work of the government, first convened in (2/14/1948
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LOCATION OF THE WALLED CITY OF JERUSALEM
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- controversial, surrounded by apartheid wall. Both Palestinians and Jews consider it their own
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MENACHEM BEGIN
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- 6th Prime minister of Israel, played central role in Jewish military resistance to the British Mandate of Palestine. Negotiated Camp David Accord w/ Egypt in 1978
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NAKBA
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- Palestinian exodus, refers to refuge flight of Palestinian Arabs during the 1948 arab-Israeli war. Arabic means catastrophe
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OSLO ACCORDS
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- (9/13/93) promise of Palestinian state by 4/4/99, reversed by Ben Natanyahu (Israel Prime Minister) through lobbying in congress
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PA
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- Governs part of the W. Bank and entire Gaza Strip, originally was the PLO (Palestinian Authority) acting government and Palestinian National Authority
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PALESTINE
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- Country before 1948, split up in 1948 to make Israel.
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PALESTINIAN ASPIRATIONS
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- end foreign occupation, to be heard and for UN Resolution to be heeded and followed.
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PALESTINIAN CHRISTIAN
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- natives 1948, majority of Palestine was Palestinian Christians
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PALESTINIAN DIASPORA
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- displacement of Palestinians by Israel
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PEEL COMMISSION PARTITION PLAN
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- UN committee sent to Palestine to investigate uprising in Palestine
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PLO
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- Palestinian Liberation Organization. Goal to liberate Palestine (1948-1988)
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POLITICAL STATUS OF THE WALLED CITY OF JERUSALEM
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– Israel and Palestine both consider it their land/property. UN recognizes it as international but also a Palestinian territory
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RISE OF ZIONISM
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- Is in response to European anti-semitism, 1897 started movement
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ROAD MAP
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- freeze on settlement building (the future)
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SAN REMO AGREEMENT
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- Marked Palestine as one of the first five states in 1918 when the ottoman empire was broken up, but was never given independence by League of Nations (UN) like other four original states. Allowing it to be split up
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SIR HERBERT SAMUEL
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- First High Commissioner of Palestine (1920-25) he was Jewish and a Zionist. 1) began aggressive European immigration policy 2) Hebrew was received and introduced as one of 3 official languages in Palestine 3) began extensive Jewish settlement in Palestine
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SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT
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- secret understanding between Great Britain and France defying their respective spheres of post WWI control and influence in the ME
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THE MOVIE ANALOGY
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- 1) beginning 2) third of the way through 3) towards end 4) doesn’t attend
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THE PEEL COMMISSION
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- first attempt to divide Palestine between Euro-Jews and Palestinians 1937
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THE SIX-DAY WAR
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- (5/1967) American Intelligence ship USS Liberty was attacked by Israel, 34 died and 172 wounded. Israel attacks in order to invade Syria in order to get the Golan Heights
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THE WEST BANK
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- one of two recognized Palestinian territories allotted by UN
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THEODORE HERZL-
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wrote a book which began Zionism, claimed “Palestine was a land with out a people and the Jews were a people without a land”
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UN RESOLUTION 181
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- third attempt to split up Palestine between Euro-Jews and Palestinians. gave birth to Israel in Palestine with help from Prez Truman, British mandate to end on 5/15/1948. – Nov. 29, 1947
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UN RESOLUTION 194
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- result of 1947-1949 events, in response to refugee problem. Allowed for “those willing to live at peace with their neighbors should be allowed to return to their homes at the earliest practicable time”
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UN RESOLUTION 242
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- result of 6/1967 war. Ultimate goal: end the occupation within the W. Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, Shabba Farms
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UN RESOLUTION 3379
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- elimination of all forms of racial discrimination, determines Zionism as a form of racism
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UN RESOLUTION 338
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- call for the cease fire in the Yom Kippur war (oct. 22, 1973)
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USS LIBERTY
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- US intelligence ship attacked by Israel in international waters, only attack on US never investigated, 34 men killed and 172 injured. Israel attacked so that they could attack Syria in 6 Days War
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WOODHEAD PARTITION PLAN
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- second attempt to divide Palestine between Euro-Jews and Palestinians
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YASSER ARAFAT
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- (8/24/1929- 11/11/2004) founded PLO, received Nobel Peace Prize for Oslo Accords. Palestinian
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YITZHAK RABIN
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- fifth Prime Minister of Israel (74-77) and then again (92-95), helped create Oslo accords. Assassinated
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ZIONISM
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– political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish homeland/promised land in Palestine/Israel
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