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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Poverty Line |
Defined line where people fall below who make a lower income.
Example: People who work at McDonalds fall below this line. |
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Market Basket Approach |
A system that creates a bundle of basics then prices them. (Water, Food, Medience, Gas, Lights) Anyone that falls below that line to buy that good is considered poor.
Example: I work but I can't afford to pay my gas and light bills. |
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Welfare |
Poverty/ Poor; A social effort designed to provide basic needs and services.
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Wealthfare |
Giving wealthy companions tax breaks when they really dont need it.They have enough money to help but they do not.
Example: The government would give GE a tax break for hiring 500 people. |
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TANF |
Temopary Assiant for Needy Families - A federal assisance program for needy families. Example: A task program would provide money for a neddy family to buy food or shelter. |
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Food Stamps |
A programs that regulate nutriention. Example: Free lunches in school districts |
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WIC |
Women Infant & Children State is subsodizing milk so that you can feed your baby |
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Housing Assistance |
Program that provides housing assistance for needy families. Example: Projects or Section 8 |
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Medicaid |
Medical assistance for needy families; created by the government. Example: The government say you can't pay for medical bill so you get on Obamacare. |
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Social Security |
Social security is a federal program that provides income and health insurance to retired persons, the disabled, the poor, and other groups
Example: Cousin has Sickle Cell and gets SSI because he is disable. |
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Medicare |
Health Insurance for old people. Usually 65 and older.
Example: Aliea retires a 65 and applies for medicare for insurance. |
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Cash v In - kind |
Its benefits the government gives you in the form of cash.Cash is actually money while in kind is kind of like a vol cure.
Example: I hurt myself on the job and the government pays me while I am at home getting better. |
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Modernization Theory |
Society goes through different stages of development.Says that rich countries have the ability to help poor countries.
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Dependency Theory |
Colonialism and neocolonialism are the main causes global poverty.Countries have developed at an uneven rate because wealthy countries have exploited poor countries in the past and continue to do so today through foreign debt and foreign trade. |
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Cash Crop |
A crop is grown for it's commercial values and not for the farmers value.Farmer is not growing it for his own value but to sell it. Example: A farmer grows corn and potatoes then sells it right after. |
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Street Children |
People are having children they can't afford.The government buys the children and makes money off of them.The children can steal to survive. Example: Whore houses |
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Minority Group |
A category of person who have been defined as different and inferior They can be denied equal access to social rewards. Once the groups have been defined, they will start to view themselves as such. Example: A group of Mexicans or african americans. |
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Dominate Group |
They define the groups separately. Talking about WASP - White, Angelo-San (where their ancestors are from) |
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Race |
A physical characteristic. Example: Hair. Skin tone, Eyes, etc. |
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Ethnicity |
Where your ancestors come from. Everyone has a race and an ethnicity. Example: One person is from Ireland and another is from Africa. |
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Prejudice |
Attitude; To judge someone without knowing them. Can be negative, especially hateful towards certain people. Example: Klu Klux Klan and neo-Nazis believe that race is real and white is the best and any other is below them. |
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Discrimination |
An action which is an unfair treatment directed towards someone. Can be based on age, sex, height, weight, etc. Example: Elderly discriminate against younger people. Men discriminate |
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Traditional Racism |
Belief that blacks are genetically inferior Example: Slaves got sold or passed down from generations. |
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Symbolic Racism |
Belief that blacks get more than they deserveDont have work ethnic or rather be on welfare. Example: Blacks get into college for free based on race. |
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Token |
Dominate group will allow one or two minorities so they wont come off as racist, or feminist or homophobic Example: Token from South Park is the only black kid. |
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DeJure Discrimination |
Law in Latin Discrimination by law; "you have to be over 21 to buy alcohol." |
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DeFacto Discrimination |
Fact in Latin Discrimination by fact; "I wont hire someone named Watermelondra" |
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Assimilation |
Minority group gives up way of doing things and become the dominate group. Give up lifestyle, language, etc. Example: Bringing blacks over from Africa. |
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Pluralism |
No one changes; everyone contains there own culture.Some people do not want their children to be bi-lingual. |
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Melting Pot |
Everyone changes Example: A whole diversity at BGSU: Black, White, Asians, Koreans |
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Continued Subjugation |
Continue to discriminate |
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Legal Protection |
Pass laws to protect minorities Example: ERA - Equal Right Amendments (Have not done these amendments for women.) |
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Population Transfer |
Pack them up and ship them somewhere else. Example: Whites wanted the land and where told to leave. Asked where they were to go and told to go to Oklahoma. They had to walk in dead winter and whites were able to shoot them if they wanted... |
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Genocide |
To eliminate other groups; Kill them. More towards blacks and jews. Example: The Klu Klux Klan killed hundreds of blacks in the 50's. |
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Accommodation |
Just accept it; dont question or argue and just go with it. |
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Avoidance |
Becoming involved with something so you do not have to think about it. Considered negative by dominate group; deviant. Example: Drugs. |
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Aggression |
A individual acting out aggressively towards a person or group to change the situation. Example: Civil Rights, Feminist, Gay Rights. |
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Hate Groups |
Anti- Gay, Blacks, Christian-Identity, General Identity, KKK, Racist Music, Holocaust, Skin-heads, White-nationalists. See violence and hate from these groups. |
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Housing Discrimination |
Discrimination when it comes to housing. Send out people to try to rent or purchase but the diff. would be race, sexuality, etc. Example: A black couple with great credentials would want to rent a house but the owner says its already been taken. An hour late, a white couple with the same credentials want to rent the home and it is suddenly available to rent. Very segregated. |
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Redlining |
Banks will not make loans who live inside the red line made by them. Draw a red line in the poorer neighborhood and give money to people outside out that line. Mostly through minority neighborhood. |
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Reverse Redlining |
Make loans to ppl who could not aford it and then call in those loans. |
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Property taxes |
Those who live in rich neighborhood will go to good school's while students who live in poorer neighborhood's will go to bad school's. Ohio ranks #2 in gross inequality aside from Texas. |
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Criminal Justice |
Have increased with numbers of ppl in prison. Has been mostly young black males. Was a war on black males. |
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Crack vs Cocaine |
Crack is watered down cocaine. Cocaine is way more expensive than crack; Rich ppl use cocaine while the poor gets crack because they can afford it. They wanted the prison full so they change the law but they don't want people in jail who use cocaine because it is used by whites. You can however go to poorer neighborhoods and round up young black and they would get a pat on the back because people are afraid of african american men. Cocaine is far more dangerous than crack. |
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Gender roles |
Behaviors excepted of us.
Male or Females are socialized a certain way. |
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Double Standard |
One standard for males and one for females. Used to refer to different norms of sexual morality for women than for men Example: Men's sexual activity is viewed positively as natural, right and normal, whereas women are seen as diminished in status if they engage in free sexual relationships outside marriage. |
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Andocentric |
Culture centered on a male interest/point of view. Example: disgust for the colour pink, as worn or liked by anyone |
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Gender Discrimination: Second Shift |
Even though almost all women work outside of the home, taking care of the home is still her responsibility. Example: Man comes home and its his castle. "It's her job and I help out every once in a while." |
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Gender Discrimination: Peer Marriage |
Some status; a marriage where both consider it their job to bring income and take care of the home as well.Mostly in college educated homes. Example: "It's our responsibility, not just hers." |
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Gender Discrimination: Education |
Women getting degrees in different areas than men. |
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Pay Gap |
Difference in pay between men and women Example: James is payed $700 while Joy is payed $500 |
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Pink Collar Ghetto |
Low woman status jobs: traditions that are considered women's work. Example: Librarians, Maids, Hair Dressers, Babysitters. |
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The Feminization of Poverty |
Women head of households are typically below poverty lines |
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Glass Ceiling |
Women are blocked from moving up in their careers. Example: Woman has been in same nursing position for 7 years and hasn't moved up to being a doctor. |
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Mommy Track |
Women should be sorted out. Women who want to have families should be mommy tracked while women who are career tracked should be fast tracked. Still think of homes and familes as women's work. 'Wife can take care of it. We own you." Now, we are saying that we have a life/family and shows that they don't own you. |
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Equal Pay |
If two people are doing the same job, you need to pay them the same. Equal Pay Act is not in forced and there is no way to in force it. EQUAL PAY WILL NOT CLOSE GAP BC WE DONT WANT TO DO THE SAME THINGS. You can't pay this job peanuts just because it was labeled women's work. (con.) |
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Comparable Worth |
While Comparable Work Legislation would say that jobs have to be payed with their value to society (what is the worth of the job) |
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BFOQ - Boneafide Occupations Qualification |
You must have this requirement to get this job. Supreme court said that it is okay to discriminate if it is a BFOQ. Example: Can't say that we won't hire females because they can lift 50 pounds. |
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Glass Ceiling |
Refers to men that go into jobs that are considered to be women jobs, they tend to move right to the top. Example: Nursing is often considered women's work. |
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Economic System |
The patterned way society produce and distribute goods and services. |
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Political System |
Patterned way that society rules that creates the norms. |
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Material Power |
Usually comes with money. It's your employer that decides what kind of money you get in a paycheck. |
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Coercive Power |
Ablity to do harm. |
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Normative Power |
What we learn to value. Example: Family, Friends, Life |
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Knowledge Power |
Ppl with a special kind of knowledge are considered experts and they hold ppl's lives in their hands.
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Politics |
Struggle of power and other people so that you can make the rules. Struggle with parents, roommates, etc. Example: Your roommate has friends over and someone has to decide when they are going home. |
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Special Interest Groups |
A body of persons, corporations, or industry that seeks or receives benefits. Example: Our concern must be for a special interest group that has been too long neglected. |
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Pluralist Theory |
Argues that mass have complete and total input in special interest groups. Example: People have the right to have certain right to have organizations even if they push the barrier. |
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Elite Theory |
Argues that the masses do not have complete and total input. |
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Conflict Theory |
Some times the elite is right while sometimes the pluralists are right. Says when the masses have input is when they organize and put pressure on social movement and they want change. Have input with social movement. Example: Civil Right Movement, Women's Movement |
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Voter Turnout |
The wealthier the people are the likelier they are to vote. Wealthier older people especially. They don't want to pay more taxes. Age wise, the older generation comes out more. Whites are more likely to vote then african americans. Especially older white people. Will vote in their interest and not yours. |
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Monopoly |
Means that you have one firm that is controlling an entire industry. The consumer should have the power. If you are the only consumer in town than you can set the price at whatever you want. Example: Bill Gates got in trouble for this. He gave Microsoft Windows as a operating system to every computer manufacturer in the world. If you get it for free, install it on your computer, the consumer has to buy Microsoft to be compatible with your computer. He went to jail for it. |
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Oligopoly |
A small number of people control a company and control the entire supply of goods or service. Example: While there are smaller cell phone service providers, the providers that tend to dominate the industry are Verizon, Sprint, AT&T and T-Mobile |
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Shared Monopoly |
A third party. Example: Competition between breakfast cereal manufacturers. They all have their own target audience |
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Multinational Corporation |
An entity headquartered in one country that does business in one or more foreign countries. Main headquarters in United States. Example: BP Oil. Gives gasoline and oil products to US from Britain. It services other countries as well.McDonald's is a US company but it also has individual companies in other countries. It services under the same name but is located in different countries. |
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Transnational Corporation |
A large company that does business in more than one country but does not name any of the countries it's main home. Example: Nestle chocolate is originally based in Sweden but it does not base its rules off of Sweden's rule. |
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Deindustrialization |
Leaving the United States. CEO argues that the labors were at fault because they could not remain competitive. Their competition were getting paid more |
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Unemployment Rate |
Increase in the unemployment rate: tells you the rate of unemployed people. The measure of unemployment. A good unemployment rate is 5% while 10% is breaking the barrier. The number of ppl looking divided by the number of ppl currently working. |
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Unemployment |
When a person is actively looking for a job but cant find work. Economy is unhealthy.Not enough jobs for the number of people who need them. More people people than there is jobs. Shift jobs over to Mexico. Example: Have a job at Dillard's and they transfer to Mexico or another country; Do not have a job anymore. |
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Welfare State |
The government gives out programs for people: making sure people eat, have shelter, etc. Transferring funds to people who are poor.
Example: A woman who gets food stamps from programs |
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Alienation |
Removing from a group that you normally belong to. Example: Trump wants to take the illegal Mexicans and put them over here. Same with Muslims. |
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Protestant Work Ethic |
Applies to younger generation. Work is good and idle hands are a sins. Keep them busy so that they will not get into trouble. Example: Teacher gives students lots of homework so that they will not get into trouble |
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Modern Work Ethic |
Got socialized to it because we had to. Challenge work is good but work for work sake is stupid. |
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intrinsic Vs. extrinsic rewards |
Means work it's self is rewarded. My reward is extrinsic. Can buy whatever I want from my paycheck. It's not the work that brings me pleasure but the paycheck. |
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Sociology |
A social science. The subject is social environment. Opposed to physical. Example: Males talk more than females do. |
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C. Wright Mills - Sociological Imagination |
He was able to see the connection for personal and social issues. The sociological imagination is the ability to see things socially and how they interact and influence each other. |
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Emile Durkheim - Suicide |
Was concerned if there was ever going to be a stable society. Wanted to study each country's beliefs, values, norms and traditions to see if these social factors influenced the rate of suicide. |
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Manifest and Latent Function |
the intended purpose for things. the unintended purposes or the consequences. |
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Symbolic Perspective |
It focuses on symbols that can be found in society, what they mean to each of us and how they affect how we interact with others |
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Functionalist Perspective |
Each part of society is dependent on other parts of society. Can be positive. |
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Conflict Perspective |
Focuses on how certain parts of society are in conflict with other societies. Can be negative. |
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Reliability |
Extent to which a measurement tool gives consistent results. Example: We have a survey that measures stereotype thinking. You take it one day with a certain score then take it another day. You should have the same exact score you had the first time. If I take it the first day and it says that I think about stereotypes alot then I take it the next and it says that I don't give it any thought then it is a reliable issue. |
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Validity |
Extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is supposed to measure. Example: A scale says you weigh 112. The next day it says the same thing. You go to the doctor and she says you weigh 140 and that you should lose weight. |
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Spurious Correlation |
When the relationship is a coincidence. Variable are each related to a third variable. Example: Rape plus ice cream very together; Both related in the summer year but not positive to each other in any way. |
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Folkway |
Informal behavior expectations. Example: "Say please and thank you." |
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Mores |
Are formal behavior expectations. All laws are mores but not all mores are laws.
Example: Cheating on spouses - is a more but not a law. |
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Sanctions |
Rewards or punishments for conformity and non conformity. |
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Values |
The criteria people use in assessing their daily lives. |
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Ideal Culture |
The values and norms that a culture claims to have. Using it as a standard, you are either right or wrong. Example: Lily's consists of never lying or cheating. However, in some cases, Lily does lie and cheat even though she finds it immoral. |
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Real Culture |
The values and norms that are actually followed by a culture. Right and wrong are separated but exceptions are exist for pretty much everything. Example: Lily lied to her professor to get an extension on her assignment. |
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How long are we socialized? |
We are socialized from the day we are born to the day we die.It never ends and we are constantly taking different statuses. Example: Becoming an significant other, being a parent, etc. |
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Social Construction of Reality - Gender |
Tendency that boys and girls are socialized differently.Boys are taught to conform to the male gender role while girls are taught to conform to the female gender role. Example: Girls plays with dolls and baking ovens and boys play with action figures and footballs. |
