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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deviance
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-violation of cultural norms
-will vary overtime, from place to place |
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Durkenheim's 3 functions of deviance
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1. affirms
2. response to deviance clarifies the moral boundaries 3. response to deviance can promote unity |
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Social Conflict
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-techniques that groups use to control the behaviors of its members.
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Social conflict-laws are generally made in the interest of....
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wealthy and powerful
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Social Conflict- when wealthy and powerful people break the laws they are....
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not held to the same standard punishment
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Social Conflict- laws themselves may not be...
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fair
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Symbolic Interactions
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sociologist interested in small group interactions
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(type of symbolic interaction)
Labeling Theory |
-can become self-fulfilling prophecy
-assumes both deviance and conformity arise bc of the reaction |
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(type of symbolic interaction)
Primary vs Secondary |
??
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(type of symbolic interaction)
Retrospective Labeling |
re-interpret past to make it fit
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(type of symbolic interaction)
Sutherland's differential association theory |
if you have close association with deviant people,there is likelihood you will also engage in deviant behavior.
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Sex vs Gender-Nature
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biological factors
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Sex vs Gender- Nurture
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cultural/socialization factors
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Sex vs Gender- sex
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biological distinction between males and females
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Sex vs Gender- gender
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-cultural expectations based on sex
-physical appearance, demeanor, dressing styles, and behaviors associate with male/female. |
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Sex vs Gender-
Global Comparisons- Mead |
-americas best known anthropologist.
-concentrated fieldwork in papla new guinea. -interested in how people conceptualize gender differences. |
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Global Comparisons (Mead) Apresh
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-peaceful people.
-believe one was in harmony w/ people and animals. -male/females didnt act in ways that were significantly different -americans would consider feminine. |
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Global Comparisons (Mead) Montogamers
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-head hunters/cannibals.
-females expected to fight along w/males. -very similar gender roles. -no emphasis on looking pretty -acted in ways that americans would consider masculine. |
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Global Comparisons (Mead) Tchambuli
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-had clear cut gender roles.
-males/females differ from eachother but opposite from americans. -males care about looks. -females=rationale, dominant, better @ decision making -americans would consider men feminine -females masculine |
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Global Comparisons- Gailey
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-fieldwork a/b Hoa tribe from new guinea
-believe sex is not based on genitalia |
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Gailey-gender based on...
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bodily fluids.
-alot of blood=female |
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Gailey-kids
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-female because uterus is blood
-considered a kid until ~13 -have female roles |
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Gailey-males
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-higher status-leaders
-protection/more power/head of family |
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Gailey-females
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-in charge of kids, elderly, cooking, support
-who gets to be female/male can change |
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Gailey-if you want to change roles you can change sex
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-males live in center hut
-takes 40 days to get female fluid. |
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Economy
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-production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services for society
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Post Industrial Society
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-characterized by high technology and service shops
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Sectors of Economy
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-(2%) primary, raw mat. taken from natural env.
-fishing, farming, forestry, mining -(18%) secondary, taking raw materials & transforming them into finished goods. -cooking in a factory for pre packaged goods. -(80%) teritary, involves services -jobs provide services to others |
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in poor countries more people work in....
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primary
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trends in work in post industrial US
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-trends decline in # of people working (primary secondary sectors)
-trends increase in tertiary sectors |
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Capitalism
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-right to private ownership
-personal group of people have right to own business/property to make income. -emphasis on profit |
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goal of capitalism...
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increase profit
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Capitalism-role of government...
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-the gov is not suppose to interfere
-doesn't decide how it gets made/distributed. (supply/demand) |
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Socialism
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-gov dictates what prices are
-how its distributed -what gets produced -group centered -limits peoples rights to make money |
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Socialism-role of governemnt
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-makes sure everyone gets healthcare, housing, education.
-costs kept low |
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Dual Labor Markets
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-Primary
-Secondary- part time/temporary, limited benefits, no opportunity for advancement |
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Family-Kinship
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-tells us who we are related to.
-social bond based on blood, marriage, and adoption -determines what our obligations are to family |
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Family- Nuclear
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-parents plus children living together in same household
-norm since US was a colony -single parent/gay is not the same as traditional fam (hetero) -mom=home dad=money maker |
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Family-Extended
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-the nuclear fam plus another fam living together
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Residence Patterns
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-have to do with what's normal in the culture
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Residence- Matrilocal
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-couple goes to live with wives family
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Residence- Patrilocal
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-wife moves in with husbands family (and becomes caregiver)
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Residence- Neolocal
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-couple sets up new residence
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Descent Patterns
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how we trace who's related to who
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Descent- Matrilineal
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-kinship traced thorough females only
-kids get moms last name |
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Descent- Patrilineal
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-kinship traced through males only (more common)
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Descent-Bilateral
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-kinship is traced on both sides
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Marriage
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-economic contract between families
-back in the day was a survival strategy -had nothing to do with love |
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Marriage-Endogemy
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-marriage b/t people in same race/ethnicity/religion/race
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Marriage-Exogamy
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-marriage b/t different social groups
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Marriage-Polygamy
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-having more than 1 partner @ the same time
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Marriage-Polyandry (part of polygamy)
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-woman have more than 1 husband
-rare; emerges where birthrate's kept low |
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Marriage-Polygyny (part of polygamy)
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-man has more than 1 wife
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Factors Related to Divorce-Age
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-the younger they are married the first time, the greater likelihood they will divorce
-people change; money-less financially stable |
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Factors Related to Divorce-Kids
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-couples with the highest divorce rate are people w/o kids living with them
-parents dont want to fight infront of kids -lowest divorce rate, with kids. -once past 4 kids, rate goes up. -fam w/4kids=often blended |
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second marriage is more likely to divorce. true or false?
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true
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Factors Related to Divorce-living together before marriage
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-higher divorce rate
-people dont live together b/c of cultural/religious reasons |
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Education
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-social institution that deals with the transfer of knowledge.
-learning cultural values/norms -earning job skills |
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Schooling
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-education under guidance of special trained teachers.
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Structural functional & social conflict views on education-Tracking
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-assignment of students to educational programs based on their ability.
-the program is that kids in lowest track are most likely to dropout/end up staying poor. |
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Credentialism
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-trend in which jobs are requiring higher levels of education
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Religion
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-found in every society
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Religion-Theories-Marx
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-religious explanations explained why things were.
-religion keeps people in place -"opiate of the masses" |
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Religion-Theories-Weber
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-majority of population are christians and protestants
(protest against roman catholic church) |
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Religion-Theories-Durkheim
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-3 main functions of religion
1.social cohesion-brings people together 2. provides a sense of meaning and purpose to life 3. social control-keeps people in line |
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Religion-Secularization
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-historic decline in influence of religion over everyday matters
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Religion- Civil Religion
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-non religious objects/ideas/people that most people treat as if they were religious (rober dellah)
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Religion- "protestant ethic"
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-support capitalism
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