Soc Exam Two #31-50

Front 1

31. According to the textbook, among employed persons working full-time, the average woman earns
approximately ___ cents for every dollar earned by a man.
1. 76
2. 95
3. 45
4. 25

Back 1

76

Front 2

32. ___ is a system of social organization in which men have a disproportionate share of the power.
1. Patriarchy
2. Matriarchy
3. Patrimonialism
4. Geritocracy

Back 2

1. Patriarchy

Front 3

33. TRUE OR FALSE: According to the textbook, gender roles are sets of cultural expectations that define the
ways in which the members of each sex should behave.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Back 3

1. TRUE

Front 4

34. According to the presentation in the textbook, both the cultural transmission theory and the cognitive
developmental theory of gender identity argue that gender identity acquisition:
1. is part of an innate, biological process.
2. begins only after children start school and become part of gendered social structures.
3. is learned.
4. unfolds least problematically in families with both biological parents.

Back 4

3. is learned.

Front 5

35. According to the textbook, ___ is an arrangement that consists of people who exercise an effective
monopoly by the use of physical coercion within a given territory.
1. a political party
2. the military
3. the police
4. the state

Back 5

4. the state

Front 6

36. According to the text, the functional perspective argues that the four primary functions of the state are:
planning and direction, enforcement of norms, protection from other societies, and ____.
1. setting prices and wages
2. ensuring political equality among citizens
3. arbitration of conflicting interests
4. regulating the market economy

Back 6

3. arbitration of conflicting interests

Front 7

37. According to the textbook, medieval kings and queens in Europe who ruled in the name of “divine right”
were exercising ____ authority.
1. legal-rational
2. charismatic
3. theocratic
4. traditional

Back 7

4. traditional

Front 8

38. According to the textbook, a(an) ____ society typically has a monolithic political party, a compelling
ideology, and pervasive social control.
1. totalitarian
2. authoritarian
3. democratic
4. charismatic

Back 8

1. totalitarian

Front 9

39. TRUE OR FALSE: The annual income from sales of the largest multinational corporations exceeds the
gross national product of most countries in which they do business. About half of the largest economic
units in the world are not nations, but are multinational corporations.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Back 9

1. TRUE

Front 10

40. TRUE or FALSE: According to a study discussed in the textbook, increases in the value of a company’s
stock tend to result in increases in compensation (i.e. pay) of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), but this
only happens if the increase in the stock prices are due to CEOs’ performance.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Back 10

2. FALSE

Front 11

41. In his article, "Authenticity and Hip Hop: Is It Essential to be Black?" author Kwame Harrison argues
underground hip hop stakes its claim to authenticity around racially inclusive sentiments of 1) _____, 2) hip
hop nostalgia, and 3) performative sincerity.
1. appreciation for African American culture
2. traditional vocalizations
3. neighborhood solidarity
4. anti-corporate ideology

Back 11

4. anti-corporate ideology

Front 12

42 TRUE OR FALSE: According to the Paula England reading on gender inequality, married women share
the same risk for economic losses following divorce that married men do.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Back 12

2. FALSE

Front 13

43. According to the reading by Mark R. Rank on poverty and welfare, in the U.S., at some time during their
lifetimes, most people:
1. will neither experience poverty nor receive welfare.
2. will experience poverty, but will not receive welfare.
3. will not experience poverty, but will find a way to receive some sort of welfare payments.
4. will experience poverty and will receive welfare payments

Back 13

4. will experience poverty and will receive welfare payments

Front 14

44. TRUE or FALSE. According to the reading by Paul Burstein on lobbying, lobbyists are more effective in
influencing the votes in congress than are political parties, political ideology, and public opinion taken
together.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Back 14

2. FALSE

Front 15

45. If we compare the mental health of unmarried people who have sexual experiences to the mental health of
those who have no sexual experiences (making comparisons WITHIN gender categories), we find the
following: among men, those who have sexual experiences ___ and among women, those who have sexual
experiences ___.
1. have worse mental health, / have better mental health
2. have better mental health, / have worse mental health
3. have better mental health, / have better mental health
4. have worse mental health, / have worse mental health

Back 15

4. have worse mental health, / have worse mental health

Front 16

46. According to data presented in class, which of the following is LEAST likely to be the perpetrator in a
rape?
1. a boyfriend of the victim
2. someone the victim is in love with
3. a stranger to the victim
4. a classmate of the victim

Back 16

3. a stranger to the victim

Front 17

47. Data presented in class on women’s and men’s inflation adjusted wages over time show that since the
1970s, men’s wages have ____, while women’s wages have _____.
1. increased / remained the same
2. remained much the same / remained much the same
3. increased / decreased slightly
4. remained much the same / increased

Back 17

4. remained much the same / increased

Front 18

48. One way of defining power includes the idea that the basic mechanism of power is dependency, and that
the power of A over B is equal to and varies with the dependency of B upon A. According to this
framework, power may be seen as:
1. an ability that A has.
2. an attribute of a social relation.
3. a individual capacity that A possesses.
4. as an indirect influence.

Back 18

2. an attribute of a social relation.

Front 19

49. According to the lecture, authority:
1. always includes both legitimate and illegitimate elements.
2. works most effectively outside institutional and organizational contexts.
3. is legitimate, institutionalized, power.
4. is intended as a method of promoting stability in organizations, but it is usually ineffective.

Back 19

3. is legitimate, institutionalized, power.

Front 20

50 TRUE or FALSE: According to the elitist perspective on power, elite elements and truly democratic
elements cycle through the government. One group holds power until it becomes weakened, and then the
other group takes over. This cycle reoccurs over and over until the electorate learns the true nature of the
elites, and real democracy finds a permanent place in the government.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Back 20

2. FALSE