Soc Exam Two #16-30

Front 1

16. TRUE OR FALSE: According to evidence presented in the lecture, there has been little decline in the
significance of race as a correlate of income from 1950 to 2001.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Back 1

1. TRUE

Front 2

17. According to textbook and lecture presentations, ___ refers to processes whereby previously distinct groups
become more similar, and ___ refers to processes that maintain distinctions and boundaries between
groups.
1. pluralism / assimilation
2. assimilation / inter-group conflict
3. pluralism / stratification
4. assimilation / pluralism

Back 2

4. assimilation / pluralism

Front 3

18. According to lecture, the concept “gender” is a __ distinction.
1. biological
2. sociocultural
3. economic
4. historical

Back 3

2. sociocultural

Front 4

19. According to the reading by William Chambliss on the “Saints” (a group of middle class boys) and the
“Roughnecks” (a group of lower class boys), the ___ committed more illegal acts. This evidence and the
descriptions presented in the reading of the overall situation and the consequences of these acts support the
___ theory of deviance.
1. Saints / anomie
2. Roughnecks / cultural transmission
3. Roughnecks / control
4. Saints / labeling

Back 4

4. Saints / labeling

Front 5

20 If a parent correctly used a theory of deviance as a guide in deciding to move to a new neighborhood to
remove his/her children from the influence of gangs, he or she would apply:
1. structural strain (or anomie) theory.
2. differential association theory.
3. labeling theory.
4. control theory.

Back 5

2. differential association theory.

Front 6

21 According to the text, the control theory of deviance:
1. tries to explain why people commit deviant acts.
2. tries to explain why people commit property crimes.
3. tries to explain why people commit victimless crimes.
4. asks why people do not deviate.

Back 6

4. asks why people do not deviate.

Front 7

22 TRUE OR FALSE: According to the text, in the United States both the crime rate and the size of the
prison population have been decreasing over recent past decades.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Back 7

2. FALSE

Front 8

23. One of the purposes of imprisonment is deterrence. Sociological studies support the notion of deterrence by
suggesting that:
1. certainty of apprehension and punishment lowers crime rates.
2. severity of punishment lowers crime rates.
3. police profiling increases guilty pleas and conviction rates.
4. deterrent effects are enhanced by recidivism.

Back 8

1. certainty of apprehension and punishment lowers crime rates.

Front 9

24. According to the text, Max Weber argued that there are three dimensions of stratification,
1. class (economic standing), status (prestige), and party (power).
2. SES (objective), class (subjective), and status (reputational).
3. class (means of production), wealth (means of consumption), and status (social esteem).
4. income (consumption chances), wealth (life chances), and status (social chances).

Back 9

1. class (economic standing), status (prestige), and party (power).

Front 10

25. According to the text, __ is defined as the likelihood that individuals and groups will enjoy desired goods
and services, fulfilling experiences, and opportunities for living healthy and long lives.
1. opportunity chances
2. achievement chances
3. life chances
4. ascribed chances

Back 10

3. life chances

Front 11

26. According to the text, when sociologists talk about social mobility, they usually mean __ mobility.
1. horizontal educational mobility
2. intra-generational educational mobility
3. inter-generational occupational mobility
4. downward vertical mobility

Back 11

3. inter-generational occupational mobility

Front 12

27. According to the discussion in the textbook, an element in the ___ thesis is the idea that the poor in classstratified
capitalist societies lack effective participation and integration within the larger society.
1. interactionist poverty
2. functional poverty
3. culture of poverty
4. objective poverty

Back 12

3. culture of poverty

Front 13

28. TRUE or FALSE: Institutional racism depends on two ideas that have been discredited in contemporary
scholarship: 1) that people may be reliably classified into biologically meaningful racial groups, and 2) that
these groups are inherently different in regard to ability and intelligence.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Back 13

2. FALSE

Front 14

29 According to the text, if ethnic stratification persists, then ethnicity will ___, and if ethnic stratification
diminishes significantly, ___.
1. diminish / then symbolic ethnicity will diminish as well
2. persist as well, / then symbolic ethnicity will diminish as well
3. diminish / it is possible that ethnicity for all groups will become increasingly symbolic
4. persist as well / it is possible that ethnicity for all groups will become increasingly symbolic

Back 14

4. persist as well / it is possible that ethnicity for all groups will become increasingly symbolic

Front 15

According to the textbook, the difference in earnings between white women and black women is:
1. small and shows that white women receive, in general, slightly higher earnings
2. large
3. very large
4. small and shows that black women receive, in general, slightly higher earnings.

Back 15

1. small and shows that white women receive, in general, slightly higher earnings