Soc Ch2

Front 1

Symbol

Back 1

Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture

Front 2

Language

Back 2

System of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another

Front 3

Cultural transmission

Back 3

The process by which one generation path of culture to the next

Front 4

Sapir-Whorf thesis

Back 4

The idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language

Front 5

Values

Back 5

Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable good and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living

Front 6

Beliefs

Back 6

Specific ideas that people hold to be true

Front 7

Norms

Back 7

Rules and expectations by which society guys the behavior of its members

Front 8

Mores

Back 8

Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance

Front 9

Folkways

Back 9

Norms for routine or casual interaction

Front 10

Social control

Back 10

Attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior

Front 11

Culture

Back 11

The ways of thinking the ways of acting and the material objects that together form a peoples way of life

Front 12

Non material culture

Back 12

The ideas created by members of a society

Front 13

Material culture

Back 13

The physical things created by members of a society

Front 14

Society

Back 14

People who interact in a defined territory and share a culture

Front 15

Culture shock

Back 15

Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life

Front 16

Sociobiology

Back 16

The theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture

Front 17

Gender

Back 17

The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male

Front 18

Cultural universals

Back 18

Traits that are part of every known culture

Front 19

Cultural relativism

Back 19

The practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Front 20

Ethnocentrism

Back 20

The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture

Front 21

Cultural lag

Back 21

The fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others disrupting a cultural system

Front 22

Cultural integration

Back 22

The close relationship among various elements of a cultural system

Front 23

Afrocentrism

Back 23

Emphasizing in promoting African cultural patterns

Front 24

Eurocentrism

Back 24

The dominance of European especially English cultural pattern

Front 25

Multiculturalism

Back 25

A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions

Front 26

Counterculture

Back 26

Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society

Front 27

Subculture

Back 27

Cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population

Front 28

Popular culture

Back 28

Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population

Front 29

high culture

Back 29

Cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite

Front 30

Technology

Back 30

Knowledge that people use to make a way of life and their surroundings

Front 31

Hunting and gathering

Back 31

The use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food

Front 32

Horticulture

Back 32

The use of hand tools to raise crops

Front 33

Pastoralism

Back 33

The domestication of animals

Front 34

Agriculture

Back 34

Large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources

Front 35

Industry

Back 35

The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery

Front 36

Post industrialism

Back 36

The production of information using computer technology