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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deviance |
Behavior that violates the standard of conduct or expectations of a group or Society |
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Stigma |
A label used to devalue members of a certain social group |
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Social control |
The techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society |
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Sanction |
A penalty or reward for conducting concerning a social Norm |
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Conformity |
The act of going along with peers individuals or own status who have no special right to direct our Behavior |
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Obedience |
Compliance with higher authority in hierarchical structure |
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Obedience |
Compliance with higher authority in hierarchical structure |
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Informal social control |
Social control that is carried out casually by Ordinary People through such means as laughter smiles and ridicule |
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Formal social control |
Social control that is carried out by Authority agents such as police officer judges School administrators and employers |
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Control theory |
A view of Conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to societys norms |
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Crime |
A violation of criminal law for which some government authorities apply formal penalties |
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Crime |
A violation of criminal law for which some government authorities apply formal penalties |
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Victimization survey |
A questionnaire or interview given to a sample of the population to determine whether people have been victims of crime |
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White collar crime |
Illegal acts committed by respectable individuals in the course of a business activity |
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White collar crime |
Illegal acts committed by respectable individuals in the course of a business activity |
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Victimless crime |
A term used by sociologists to describe the Willing exchange among the dolls of Wylie desired but legal goods and services |
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Organized crime |
The Works of a group that regulates relations among criminal Enterprises involved in illegal activities including prostitution gambling and the smuggling and sale of illegal drugs and Contraband Goods |
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Transnational crime |
Crime that occurs across multiple National borders |
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Anomie |
Term for the loss of Direction felt in a society when social control of individual Behavior has become ineffective |
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Anomie theory of deviance |
Theory of deviance as an adoption of socially prescribed goals or of the means governing their attainment both |
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Cultural transmission |
A school of criminology that agrees that argues that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction |
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Differential associations |
A theory of deviance that holds that violation of rules result from exposure to Attitudes favorable to criminal Acts |
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Social disorganization Theory |
The theory that attributes increase in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationship and social institutions such as family school church and local government |
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Labeling Theory |
An approach to deviance that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviant While others engage in the same behavior are not |
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Labeling Theory |
An approach to deviance that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviant While others engage in the same behavior are not |
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Societal-reaction approach |
Another name for labeling Theory |
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Differential Justice |
Difference in the way social control is exercised over different groups |
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Society brings about acceptance of basic Norms through techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior this process is termed |
Social control |
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The penalties and rewards we face for conduct concerning a social Norm are known as |
Sanctions |
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Conformity to mean |
Going along with peers |
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Conformity to mean |
Going along with peers |
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Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or Society is |
Deviance |
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If Aboriginal people is given a harsher sentence than non-aboriginal person who commits the same offense this is an example of |
Differential Justice |
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Which of the following theories contends that criminal victimization increases when communal relationships and social institutions break down |
Social disorganization Theory |
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Substantive definition of the family |
A definition of family based on blood meaning shared genetic Heritage and law meaning formal social recognization and affitmation of a shared Bond among members |
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Substantive definition of the family |
A definition of family based on blood meaning shared genetic Heritage and law meaning formal social recognization and affitmation of a shared Bond among members |
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Substantive definition of the family |
A definition of family based on blood meaning shared genetic Heritage and law meaning formal social recognization and affitmation of a shared Bond among members |
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Census family |
I'm married or common-law couple with or without children or one parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling |
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Kinship |
The state of being related to others |
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Bilateral descent |
A kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equal importance |
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Patrilineal descent |
A kinship system in which only the father's relatives are significant |
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Matrilineal descent |
Can chip in which only the mother's relatives are significant |
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Extended family |
A family in which relatives such as grandparents aunts and uncles live in the same household as parents and their children |
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Nuclear family |
A married couple and their unmarried children living together |
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Nuclear family |
A married couple and their unmarried children living together |
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Monogamy |
A form of marriage in which two people are married only to each other |
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Serial monogamy |
A form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse out of time |
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Polygamy |
A form of marriage in which an individual may have several husbands or wives simultaneously |
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Polygyny |
Form of polygamy in which a man may have more than one wife at the same time |
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Polygyny |
Form of polygamy in which a man may have more than one wife at the same time |
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Polyandry |
A form of polygamy in which a woman may have more than one husband at the same time |
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Functionalist definition of families |
a definition of families that focus on what families do for society and their members |
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Functionalist definition of families |
a definition of families that focus on what families do for society and their members |
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Patriarchy |
A society in which men dominate in family decision making |
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Matriarchy |
A society in which a woman dominates and family making decisions |
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Egalitarian family |
An authority pattern in which spouses are regarded as equal |
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Endogamy |
The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group |
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Exogamy |
The requirements at people select a mate outside certain groups |
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Incest taboo |
The prohibition of sexual relationship between search a certain cultureally selected relatives |
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Homogamy |
the conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own |
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Machismo |
A sense pf virility personal worth and pride in ones maleness |
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Familism |
Pride in the extended family Express through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfork outside the immediate family |
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Adoption |
In a legal sense a process that allows for the transfer of one legal rights responsibilities and privileges of Parenthood to a new legal parent or parents |
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Single parent family |
A family in which only one parent is present to care for the child |
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Cohabitation |
The practice of living together as a couple without marrying |
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Which system of descent is followed in canada |
Bilateral |
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Alice age seven lives at home with her parents her grandmother and her aunt Alice family is an example of |
Extended family |
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In which form of marriage May a person have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time |
Serial monogamy |
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In which form of marriage May a person have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time |
Serial monogamy |
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Hidden Curriculum
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Standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught in schools |
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Teacher-Expectancy effect |
the impact that a teachers expectations about a students performance may have on the students actual achievements |
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Tracking
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the practice of placing students in specific curriculum group on the basic of their test scores and other criteria |
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Correspondence Principle |
The Tendency of school to promote the value expected of individuals in each social class and to prepare students for the type of jobs typically held by members of their class |
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Credentialism
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an increase in the lower level of education required to enter a field |
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Collegiate Subculture
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Academic subculture
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identifies with intellectual concerns |
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Vocational Subculture |
interested in the career prospects and views higher education as a mean of obtaining degree that are essential for advancement |
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Non-Conformist
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hostile to the school environment and seeks out ideas that may or may not relate to academic studies |
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Substantive definition of religion |
the idea that religion has a unique content or substance relating to the scared that separates it from other forms of knowledge and beliefs |
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Scared
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Elements beyond everyday life that inspire reaspect and even fear ex. prayer or sacrific |
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Profane
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the ordinary and commonplace elements of life as distinguished from the sacred ex. the piece og bread |
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functionalism definition of religion
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the idea that religion unifies believers into a community through shared practices and a common set of beliefs relative to scared things |
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Fundamentalism
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Religious Ritual
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religious experience
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Ecclesiae |
A religious organization that claims to include most or all member of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion Ex)
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Denomination |
a large organized religion that is not officially linked to the government |
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Sect
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A Small religious group that has broken away from some of the other religions organization to renew what it considers the original vision of the faith |
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Established Sect |
a Religious group that is the outgrowing of a sect yet remains isolated from society |
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Promoting social integration
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schools seek to bring students together to provide a sense of community
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Transmitting Culture
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Teach respect for existing values and norms and reverence for established institutions |
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Training and social control
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teach students how to behave, punctuality discipline scheduling responsible work habits and hot to negotiate through a bureaucratic organization |
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Stimulation cultural innovation
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schools transmit existing cultural but can also simulate social change |
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Education and Inequality
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significant inequalities in the educational opportunities available to different groups social positions matter shaping both the resources and what is available to us |
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Bestowal od Status
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people are picked based on there class race and gender |
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credentialism |
an increase in the lower level of education required to enter a field |
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Three source of power
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1. Forec - actual or threated 2. Influence - process of persuasion 3. Authority
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Traditional Authority
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legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice |
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Rational -legal Authority
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based on formally agreed upon and accepted rules |
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Charismatic authority
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power made legitimate by leader exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers |
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Industrial Society
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depends on mechanization to produce goods and services |
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Economic System |
social institution through which goods and services are produced |
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Capitalism |
Economic system in which the mean of production are held largely private hands |
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Laissez-Faire
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Monopoly
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control of a market by a single business firms |
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informal economy
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transfer of money goods and services that take place without reporting to the government |
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Deindustrialization
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withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity |
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Mico financing
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Lending money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty
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Monarchy
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government headed by a single member of a royal family usually a king or queen |
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Oligarchy |
a form of government in which a few people rule |
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Dictatorship |
one person has total power to make and enforce laws |
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Totalitarianism |
complete government controls and surveillance over all aspects |
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Democracy |
government by the people |
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The pluralist model |
the power structure in Canada - have access to govn - variety of groups play significant roles in decision making |
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micor view - war
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focused on the social impact of war on individuals and the group they belong to |
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Social inequality
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people have different amounts of wealth and power |
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Stratification
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entire group of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society |
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four major stratification systems
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slavery, caste, estate and class |
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Ascibed status |
social positions assigned to a person without regards to there talents |
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Achieved Status
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a social positions some one receive due to their own effort |
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Caste
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a hereditary rank, usually religiously |
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Estate System
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land leased to them by nobels in exchange for military protection and other services
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Class system |
social ranking based on wealth |
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Five-Class model to descried class |
upper class, upper-middle, lower-middle, working ,lower class
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Social Mobility
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when you go from one position to another |
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Closed system
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where there is little or no possibility for someone to social mobility |
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Open System |
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Social Mobily |
- Vertical Mobility - Intergenerational Mobility - Intragenerational Mobility |
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Bourgeoisie
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capitalist class owners of means of production |
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Proletariat
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Working Class |
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cultural capital |
our taste knowledge attitudes and the way of thinking that we exchange in interaction with others |
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Material Resources
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resource we own or control |
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Social Resources
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position we occupy and social network connections |
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Cultural Resources |
includes our taste language and way of looking at the world |
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Prestige
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the respect and admiration that an occupation hold |
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Esteem
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the Reputation that a person and earned in a occupation |
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Socioeconomic Status
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Measure of social class based on income, education and occupation |
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Markey basket measure
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if subsistence needs are met calculation of cost of living comparable to community standards |
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Absolute Poverty
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minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below |
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underclass
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long-term poor who lack training and skills |
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Occupational mobility
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common among male most mobility is minor |
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Control Theory
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Our Connection to other members of society leads us to systematically conform to societys norms |
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Critics
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object to notion that these crimes are victmless |
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Five basic forms of adaptation to cultural expectations |
1. Conformist 2. Innovator 3. Ritualist 4. Retreatist 5. Rebel |
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