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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which area in the world has the largest percentage of people living on less than $1/day?
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Sub-Saharen Africa
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What are the 4 reasons foor why Sub-Saharan Africa is in the condition it is in?
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1.) Colonization cut across old ethnic lines to make new non-sensible countries
2.) Ethnic identities made more important in response to colonies--banded together ethnicities 3.) Social organization is poor - corruption is huge 4.) U.S involvement (supported assanination attemps and anti-communist, but corrupt dictators) |
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What is the system in which leaders display their wealth to gain loyalty and protection?
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Big Man System
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What advances the standard of living for you and your ethnic group, but only in the short term?
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Internal Logic
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What is it called when one group tries to control the state which is used as a means to hand out spoils for support from other groups?
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Predator states
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What has led to success n Tanzania?
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They developed into a 1 party socialist system
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What has led to success in Uganda?
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US assistance and foreign aid which led to economic growth
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What has led to success in South Africa?
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It's close proximity to Europe allowed Europe to invest a lot into their infrastructure development
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What are the 3 divisions of the Middle East?
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1.) Those with little or no oil (Yemen and Afghanistan)
2.) Those with oil, bt unable to use it for there own national interests (Iraq) 3.) Those with oil and have used it for success (Kuwait and Saudi Arabia) |
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Why is there less data on Middle East?
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Because dictators or political turmoil does not allow collection by World Bank
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What stunts economic development in Iran?
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Political control by elites
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What area of the world has the largest land inequality in the developing world?
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Latin America
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Why does Latin America have such a stagnated economy and high land inquality?
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They went from "independence" to neocolonialism, in which US corporations have complete freedom to do as they please
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What is the religious explanation of why Latin America is in the condition it is in?
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Protestants populated North America while Catholics populated South America. Protestants are unsure of the afterlife, thus they worked harder.
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What are some examples of US "covert actions" in Latin America
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1.) Planned assassinations
2.) Rigged elections 3.) Propaganda |
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How did the treatment of Latin America during colonization affet the way it is today?
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British colonized North America with intentions to plant colonies and rear familes. South America was colonized by the Spanish, who had intentions of conquering and exploiting.
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In which ay did Latin America develop which caused it to be the way it is today?
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Free market capitalism, in which little state intervention occured and not much reduction of inequality
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Chile was a very stable democratic country until the US intervention. When President Allande was elected in 1970, he had very infavorable views of the US. What did the US do to counter this?
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1.) They disrupted the economy
2.) Aided segments of the country that were against Allande |
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What 6 ways did the US disrupt the economy in Chile?
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1.) They cut back foreign aid
2.) They cut off credits from US banks 3.) Fuunds from the World Bank were decreased 4.) MNC's worked with gov't to ensure these pressures 5.) Cut off supplies made in US 6.) Dissuade other countries from trading with Chilie |
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What country has the highest proportion of population as immigrants?
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Australia with more than 20%
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List and define each of the Immigration statuses.
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1.) Refugee - person who leaves country for fear of perscution (religion, race, etc)
2.) Asylee - Same as refugee, but apply for asylum from a U.S. territory 3.) Immigrant - lawfully granted admission into U.S. 4.) Temporary Immigrant - legal permission to live and work temporarily 5.) Undocumented person - no legal authorization to enter |
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What is the history of immigration in Sweden, US, and Australia?
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Open in US and Australia, but restricted (but more open recently) in Sweden
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What is the patterns of Immigration in Sweden, US, and Australia?
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Refugee and Asylum seekers in Sweden. Relatives of citizens in US. Skill based workers in Australia
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Where do immigrants come from in Sweden, US, and Australia?
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S.E. Europe in Sweden. Mexico and Asia in US. U.K, Asia, and New Zealeand in Australia.
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How do citizens of the world view immigrants?
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"Welfare dependent" and costly
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What are 3 complexities of legal immigration and social welfare?
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1.) Immigrants are needed for special skills to work in low paid undesired positions to replace elderly
2.) Immigrants more likely to stay on wlefare than natives 3.) Use of welfare benefits decrease as number of years resettled increase |
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Describe the type of welfare system in Sweden, US, and Australia.
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Sweden is social democratic. US is liberal and Australia is a mix of both.
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Describe the traits of the welfare systems in Sweden, US, and Australia.
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Sweden is universal with instant access. US is straified after 5 years of residence. Australia is stratified but only after 2 years of residence.
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What percentage of GDP goes to the welfare system in Sweden, US, and Australai?
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Sweden = 30%
US = 15% Australia = 15% |
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What are 3 problems with getting an exact count of immigrants in country?
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1.) Invisible lives
2.) They often enter, leave, and reenter 3.) Politics - exaggeration or underestimation |
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What is the US State Dept. defintion of terrorism?
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politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually to influence an audience
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Has the US ever engaged in terrorism?
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Not when using this defintion, it would be considered an act of war
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What are four motivations of terrorism
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1.) End of Cold War brought about a proliferation of failing states
2.) US military and economic hegemony 3.) Resistance to Globalization 4.) A decline in war |
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How did a decline in war increase terrorism?
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1.) Downsizing of armies left a pool of trained and willing people to use violence
2.) Liquidation of weapons of USSR and other former armies spread across space 3.) Reduction in foreign aid allowed easy challeneges of governments 4.) Security leads to more safety and thus more time to plan |
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What are 2 reasons for anti-US terrorism?
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1.) Foreign direct investment as a percent of the total world economy increased terror attacks against US because open economic arrangementa create financially dependent poor countries and disgruntled underemployed people
2.) As number of NGO's (regulated by UN to monitor ethics) increased so did the anti US terrorism |
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What are 6 lessons from suicide bombers?
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1.) They are not crazy becaus they need to be "fixed cannons" who are focused and commited to mission
2.) It's mainly about politics, not religion as many do not have religion 3.) Sometimes it's strategic 4.) Sometimes it's retalitory 5.) Repression is a boomerang as harsh repression may intensify opposition and lead to harsher methods 6.) We must emphasize with our enemies |
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What are the 3 Big Issues of the environment? Define the problems and responses for each.
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1.) Pollution:
a.) Problems - human health concerns and endangering of animal species b.) Response - EPA (1970) cleaner water, air, and land -Oil companies still violate, because it has ineffective deterrents such as a cap on fines (25000) 2.) Depletion of Ozone a.) Problems - UV rays and skin cancer b.) Response - 1985 Montreal Protocol 3.) Global Warming a.) Problems: -Humans will heat up Earth 4-6 degrees (11 at most) by 2100 -Ice caps are melting -Rise in sea level -Disease will spread -Warmer air brings drought (water vapor stays in clouds) -Warmer oceans kill coral and sea life b.) Response - little to change it, most Americans think turn up the AC. They continue to want bigger cars and bigger homes. |
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What is the idea behind the Kyoto Protocol of 1997?
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To set targets for 39 developing nations to reduce emissions by 2012. Short term wise, each country is reduce theirs to 1990 levels by 2000 and long term wise varies nation to nation.
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What two countries continually say no to the Kyoto Protocol?
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US and Australia, two of the countries with the highest per capita emissions in the world. George Bush continually says that this would cause us under hardship.
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What are 4 strategies to fix Singer's global sink/global atmosphere metaphor? Also state what the critics have to say about each one.
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1.) Polluter Pays Principle - look at hisotry and create a running debt of countries that created it. They broke it, they sacrafice, they fix it.
*Critics say America plants trees replacing the ones they kill 2.) Time Slice - Let's not look at the past, we should start with a clean slate because developed nations did not know at the time. *Critics say even since 1990's, industrialized nations continued to disregard emissions quota 3.) Egalitarian - develop a reasonable emissions cap. set a specific level of emissions per capita. Base it on some future population growth estimate 4.) Aid the Poor - Allow poorer nations relaxed emissions so they can have economic growth |
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Describe Emissions Trading
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Set a cap and if places want to go over they can buy emissions points froma country that does not use all theirs(poor nations get money for trade). The problem is there is no way to measure emissions accurately for all countries; corrupt gov't ight steal trading
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How can we develop at the Global Level?
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We need more equity
-free markets were extremely rare when the US and other industrialized nations developed. They do not alway help poor countries. Under these, rich nations distort markets with subsidies. Rich nations also place unfair trade barriers on certain products. (low on coccoa, but high on chocolate) |
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How can we develop at the National Level?
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We need more efficiency
-Good Governance, leaders need to have public interest in mind -Import Substitution, discourage imported goods and increase domestic production -Export Industries, brings money in via trade -Land redistributions -Micro Loans -Education -Empowering women |
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What is "Golf Course Capitalism"?
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Luxary developments that do not contribute to long term economic success
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What was the 1960's Green Revolution?
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Rich countries sent experts to poor places. They increased food production. Land owners got rich and peasants got poor. This is because they switched crops to world market crops and away from social food.
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What is Sachs and Kerbo arguments on Foreign aid?
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Sachs feels to reduce poverty we should double international poverty assistance to 160 billion and monitor donations. However Kerbo feels this is a quick fix scheme without lasting effects. He says this does not consider unerlying social conditions. he says a social organization of society matters, such as historical traditions, ancient civilization strength, and efftcs of colonization)
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What percentage did the UN set for foreign aid? How many met target. Who did the best and worsr?
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.7% of GNP, not many met it, Japan at .27% and US at .1%
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How much does US give in private and gov't development aid a year compared to money spent on alcohol, tobacco, entertainment, and military?
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14 billion comapred to 34 billion, 32 billion, 50 billion, and 300 billion respectively
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Norway is the 3rd largest exported of oil, yet they consume less gas than US (1.9 gal pp/day compared to 3) Explain.
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They have heavy taxes on gas(67% of price) and cars (395/ per year/per car) which leads to purchase of no car or more efficient cars. Some of these taxes on to social services. Leads to lower ownership rates and fewer greenhouse emissions.
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Define Jihad and McWorld and also the similarities between the two.
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Jihad - driven by parochial hate. they favor war and bloodshed. they have rigid ethnic borders. Against all interdependence and articfical social cooperation and pop culture. Jihad micro wars aare in pursuit of an identity that is "mandated" by a higher power.
McWorld - driven by universal markets. they favor capital mobility. They have porous national borders. They are in pursuit of profit and homogenous integration. Similarities - They both make war on national sovereign state. They do not pursue "democracy", equality, and justice. They undermine hard-won civil liberties. Jihad often used McWorld to spread propaganda. |
