Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is work degradation? (Fast Food Women)
|
-managers tell employees what to say and do exactly to follow certain pattern for "success."
-this system makes you a dime a dozen and easily replaced. |
|
|
What is emotional labor? (Fast Food Women)
|
-associated with work degradation.
-not a "real employee": not full time, no benefits etc -employers tell them what to say and do therefore they feel they are not being themselves. |
|
|
What is contingent work?
|
-irregular or marginal work (day shifts or night shifts, or diff employees for diff days of the week)
-temp or day labor -subcontracting (ex kelley services) -schedule changes every week or year. - |
|
|
Where is contingent work found?
|
-service, sales & clerical, some in manufacturing
-usually contingent is involuntary: employees would like FT but its not offered. |
|
|
How does contingent work benefit employers?
|
1. Reduces benefits bill
2. Employers can easily layoff contin workers w.o. experiencing neg effects 3. Temps or subcontractors or day laborers allow employers to prescreen workers before bringing them in FT |
|
|
What is the "de jure employer"?
|
-In contingent work the de jure employer is considered the legal employer. (ex Kelley Services)
|
|
|
What is the "defacto employer"?
|
-In contingent work the defacto employer is considered the supervising employer. (ex the one the temp does work for)
|
|
|
What are the conflicts associated with work arrangements of contingent work?
|
-subject to demands of supervising employers but only paid by legal temp so=no benefits/pay reg employees get from defacto/superivising employer.
-makes unionization difficult. No unionization with the de jure/legal employer because you are always changing jobs. -who is held resp for working conditions? No legal ramifications for companies that employ subcontractors with bad working conditions - |
|
|
What is low wage work (LWW)?
|
-service and sales, clerical, manuf, farming.
-2001 1/4 of LF worked LW job. Less than $8.70=17,400 annual |
|
|
What are some contextual changes in low wage work?
|
ECONOMY:fewer "good" jobs for LW workers due to profit pressures and globalization.
-POLITICAL:-shift toward conservative leadership so=decline in unionization and decline in the real value of the min wage.-decline in unionization(low % and spill over effect) -decline in the real value of the min wage. (what your salary can buy you) min wage is not indexed for inflation, hasnt kept up for inflation. -men and women are making less than min wage workers of the past. |
|
|
What are the arguments against raising min wage?
|
1. Encourage corps to move abroad
2. cut into profits, others salaries 3. Negatively affects businesses(small businesses) bc they cant absorb increased labor costs 4. Could force employers out of business, loss of jobs for these LW workers |
|
|
How can we study the arguments against raising min wage?
|
-compare employment before and after a min wage hike.
|
|
|
What are the arguments for raising min wage?
|
1. Increase standards of living
2. Take burden off the state which could affect taxes. 3. Happier employees; fewer sick days, less people stealing from the company, more productivity. 4. Higher min wage=more spending, stimulates economy. 5. More competitive in hiring employees. 6. More conscientious shoppers(shopping at companies who treat/pay employees well.) |
|
|
What is the profile of a LW worker?
|
-Myths of who lw workers are: teens, immigrants (documented/not doc), racial/ethnic minorities, young adults w.o. children
-most lw workers are female, white, hs educ, and fam responsibilities. |
|
|
Name 2 Blue Collar Occs we discuss in class that when women are in face adversity.
|
1. Manufacturing
2. Craft Work: carpenters, roofers, electricians, construction, laborers, mechanics. |
|
|
Whats the diff in the types of goods men and women manufacture?
|
-men=durable goods( products w/lifespan of more than 3 years), auto manuf, rubber, appliances.
-women=machine operatives in textiles, apparel, electronics, tabacco and food processing. |
|
|
What are the present day trends in manufacturing?
|
-women work in apparel, textiles, food processing, etc.
-30% of manuf occs filled by women -profile of a female machine operator:HS diploma, no formal training, a lot are FHH(female headed household), most married to other blue collars, women of color and immigrants are disporportionally rep'd |
|
|
What are the job skills and pressures in manufacturing?
|
-speed, dexterity, and patience
-little autonomy(independence) and challenge -as a result of scientific management, work is repetitive and dull -Plecerate: getting paid for every piece or product finished=used to control worker productivity=very stressful, work speeds up. |
|
|
What are the working conditions of manufacturing?
|
-7-3; 3-11; 11-7 shifts
-time pressures: (ex kids, daycare) -sleep -dirty, heavy work=unsafe working conditions -exposed to dust, chemicals, heat, noise, poor lighting and carcinogens --4 times the injury rate compared to white collar workers. |
|
|
Explain unemployment in manufacturing
|
-manuf is cyclical with economy
-deindustrialization. (ex rust belt in NE and midwest moved to sunbelt in south and west which moved to abroad or automated jobs) |
|
|
Who breaks into craftwork?
|
-women in late 20's, early 30's
-disproportionate share of single women with children -disporportionally white and likely HS diploma -womens growing rep into craftwork has greatly increased from 70's- 04 |
|
|
Affirmative action and Equal Employment law in craftwork...
|
-threats of lawsuits and use of time tables.
|
|
|
Why such low numbers of women in craft occs?
|
1. Lack of women in the "pipeline" (people didnt think any qualified or interested women)
2. Male co worker hostility: sexual and physically violent harassment, little co worker training or socialization, tokens(being the numerical minority. if good at job its bc qualities they possess bc they're a woman. ex timing& getting preg) 3. Informational/organizational barriers:trade schools, apprenticeship training, vocational tracks in HS, informations network hiring. |
|
|
What is the census definition of a profession?
|
-high status, knowledge-based occs
-top of hierarchy -engineer, comp scientist, teacher, nurse, architect, etc |
|
|
What is the sociologists definition of a profession?
|
-based on these hallmarks:
1. specialized knowledge of a subject 2. autonomy:control over licensing and entry into field 3. authority over clients 4. they have an ethical code 5. altruistically oriented |
|
|
In order most to least, what professions do women occupy?
|
1. Preschool
2. RN 3. librarians 4. social workers 5. elem school 6. secondary |
|
|
What is the functionalist perspective of professions?
|
-professionals are crucial for a smoothly running society, so professionals have power.
|
|
|
What is the conflict perspective of professions?
|
-Bc occs have power, the occupation has autonomy, authority, etc.
|
|
|
Explain semi-professions
|
-nursing, teaching, librarianship, social work all do not have the hallmarks
|
|
|
What are the current trends in nursing?
|
-professionalization, hierarchial: under the control of docs and admin
-increased requirement for technical expertise, assessments -health insurance companies-more powerful -huge growth in nursing homes |
|
|
What are the problems Nurses face?
|
1. shifting schedules plus long hours:taxing, impossible w/children.
2. ever changing/growing responsibilities 3. lack of autonomy 4. psychologically challenging 5. physical risks 6. liability 7. overworked-"burned out" 8. unionization may be difficult |
|
|
When men moved out of the teaching profession it was because of the loss of autonomy. List these.
|
-schooling became organized into grades
-curriculum was standardized -increased regulation -teachers were required to hold credentials |
|
|
What was ideological crusade used to recruit women into the teaching field once men left?
|
-that teaching was a natural extension of femininity and women's place in the home
|
|
|
What are the current trends in teaching
|
-females are teaching younger kids
-racial comp is mostly white, then black at 9% |
|
|
What are problems with teaching?
|
-parents can be difficult
-lack of resources/supplies, spend own money -larger class sizes -budget cuts:jobs lost and hard to find another job -feeling responsible if children dont do well -low pay for amount of work put in -limited mobility -burn out |
|
|
What are some problems that librarians face?
|
-feeling of overtrained when dealing with certain tasks (always picking up, reshelving books)
-feeling underutilized -monotonous |
|
|
What is labor intensive manufacturing?
|
-occs where labor is primary cost to employers.
-keep labor cost down -textiles, electronic manuf |
|
|
What is capital intensive manufacturing?
|
-equipment (capital) is biggest cost to employers
-incentive to keep equipment in good shape so otj training to ensure employees are trained to work with this expensive capital. -auto, steel manuf |
