Soc 350 Test #2

Front 1

Attitudes

Back 1

Evaluation of persons, things, issues

Front 2

An affective component

Back 2

emotional reaction to the target

ex. "I don't like the smell of cigarettes"

Front 3

A behavioral component

Back 3

How you act toward the target

ex. "I don't associate with people who smoke"

Front 4

A cognitive component

Back 4

Knowledge and beliefs about the target

ex."I believe smoking is dangerous"

Front 5

Cognitive consistency

Back 5

We want our behaviors to be consistent with our attitudes

Front 6

Dissonance

Back 6

Behaviors are inconsistent with attitudes
-especially with negative outcomes
-ex. "I like Jeff Dunham, but I did not go see him"
- Can be uncomfortable, motivated to reduce

Front 7

Reduce if...your choice to behave as you did

Back 7

ex: "I could have gone see Jeff Dunham, but I just didn't"

Front 8

Reduce if...negative consequences are your own fault

Back 8

ex. "Its my fault. I never went to get tickets"

Front 9

Reduce if...anticipated the bad consequences

Back 9

ex. "I knew I would be disappointed to not see him"

Front 10

Reduce if...dissonance will make you look bad

Back 10

ex."My friends think its strange I didn't go"

Front 11

Theory of planned behavior

Back 11

behavior is influenced by INTENTIONS

Front 12

Intentions are a function of...

Back 12

Attitude
Opinions of important others (subjective norm)
Perceived control

Front 13

Attitudes are formed from...

Back 13

beliefs

Front 14

Cognitve consistency framework:

Back 14

New attitude + old behavior = dissonance

-Resolve dissonance by performing new behaviors

Front 15

Theory of Planned Behavior Consistency:

Back 15

New attitude- new intention IF attitude is emphasized

-May also have to change attitudes of important others and/or perceived control

Front 16

Central

Back 16

Careful treatment of information

Think about it, check accuracy
Quality of information
Do this when issue is one of importance to us

Front 17

Peripheral

Back 17

Respond to features of information

Number and length of arguments
Who is making the argument
Do this when issue is not important to us, overloaded, distracted

Front 18

Resistance related to:

Back 18

Centrality of issue to self-concept
Feeling invulnerable—issue will not affect me
Negative past experience with new attitude

Front 19

What if we just target behavior, don’t worry about attitude?

Back 19

Pro: Easier to do

Con: Might not last (but that might be OK)

Influence

Front 20

Compliance:

Back 20

Go along with what someone asks you to do

Front 21

Conformity:

Back 21

Change behavior to match what others are doing

Front 22

Power

Back 22

Some people have a social role with power

Resource to make people do something

Front 23

Legitimate power:

Back 23

A social role gives the ability to make things happen

Front 24

Reward power:

Back 24

Give people something positive if they change

Front 25

Coercive power:

Back 25

Give people something negative if they don’t change

Front 26

Expert power:

Back 26

Special knowledge about the behavior

Front 27

Informational power:

Back 27

Tell the person something valuable about the behavior

Front 28

Referent power:

Back 28

A model for others

Front 29

Reciprocity

Back 29

They have done something nice for you, now you need to do something nice for them

Front 30

Two types of normative influence:

Back 30

Injunctive norm (what is approved of)
Descriptive norm (what people are doing)

Front 31

Social Norms Marketing

Back 31

Use of conformity pressure to decrease problem behaviors

Usually used to target such behaviors in high school and college students (drinking, smoking)

Basic idea: Show that most students do not perform problem behavior

Front 32

Prejudice:

Back 32

Negative feelings about a group

Front 33

Racism:

Back 33

Negative feelings about ethnic group

Front 34

Stereotype:

Back 34

Beliefs about members of the group

Front 35

Discrimination:

Back 35

Negative behavior toward disliked group

Front 36

Old-fashioned racism:

Back 36

White superiority
Segregation of races
Withhold resources from minority races

Front 37

Aversive Racism:

Back 37

Negative affect toward minorities
Belief in equality
Avoid interacting with minorities

Front 38

Symbolic Racism:

Back 38

Discrimination doesn’t exist
Minorities don’t try
Resentment of special treatment of minorities

Front 39

Implicit stereotypes:

Back 39

Well-learned, automatic reactions to outgroups
Uncontrollable

Front 40

Evolutionary:

Back 40

Be on guard against hostile other tribes

Front 41

Conflict over resources:

Back 41

Prejudice usually less severe in wealthier countries

Front 42

Social dominance:

Back 42

Belief in need for hierarchies

Front 43

Paternalism:

Back 43

High groups must take care of low groups
Low groups must defer to high groups

Front 44

Legitimizing myths:

Back 44

“If a group is low, it’s their own fault”

Front 45

Contact Hypothesis:

Back 45

Prejudice results from lack of experience with outgroup members

So, should decrease as experience increases