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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does praxis mean? |
It is a marx term, similar to the word practice -it means knowledge for social transformation |
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What are 2 parts of social justice praxis? |
Critical Reflection -stereotypes, roles adults play in society, has to do with aspect of understanding Social Engagement -the big and small actions directed toward youth, crime and society -big actions being the JDA engaging/participating/making change -small actions being volunteering for change |
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What extent do we reach measuring youth crime? |
Extent: 92000 young ppl accused of criminal offence in 2015, this is 3000 less than they year before Seriousness: mainly decreases for violent offences |
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What 4 things is a theory? |
Meaning making Attempts to explain How we understand complexity of human social life Interpretation |
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What are 2 broad paradigms we follow when considering what kind of assumptions are being made about human society? |
Consensus Approach -agreement -values beliefs and norms are shared Conflict Approach -conflicting interests -power struggles-different interest groups |
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What are 2 competing discourses when considering young offenders? |
1) Reformable young offender -advocates consider youth vulnerable, in need of assistance and protection (in 19th and 20th century justice officials saw a group of individuals who were working class that needed intervention) 2) Punishable young offender -advocates consider youth in need of discipline and punishment |
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What 3 things are decided with ethic of punishment? |
1)Youth as "out of control" in public mind 2)Demand for law and order agenda 3)Claim that we need to come down tougher, stronger on problematic youth |
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Who constructs and governs criminalized youth? |
Said to be "experts" whose claims are heard and whose arguments are taken seriously and acted upon |
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Who is the "other"? |
Disenfranchised marginalized individual or group, systemically excluded, most disadvantaged, voiceless |
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What are classical or premodern school conceptions about crime? |
Dominant mode of punishment was deterrence NOT rehab Beccaria argued punishment should fit the crime, swift and certain |
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What are positivist or modern school conceptions about crime? |
-late 1800s to early 1900s -Cesare Lombroso -used controlled observation to find causes of crime |
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What are 5 characteristics of the positive school? |
1) every offender is viewed as unique, positivism demands "facts" about individuals (where did they come from, social situation) 2) assumes mind and body differences between criminals and law abiding people 3) punishment should fit the individual, not the crime (individualize punishments) 4) early positivists believed criminals could be treated and reintegrated into society 5) late positivists saw key role for professionals and believed CJS should be guided by scientific experts |
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Name the 3 waves of positivism |
1) philanthropic elite 2) eugenics-informed psychiatry 3) environmental psychology |
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What was the philanthropic elite about |
Interested volunteers from male political and business elite PPP Progressive- movement toward social progress Perfectibility- of society and human nature Products of their environment (juveniles were) *concern with cause and cure *reform oriented, individualistic, and non institutional community based interventions |
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What was the eugenics informed psychiatry phase |
late 1910s and early 1920s -influence of medical psychology and "the expert" eugenics discourse -well born or good genes -juvenile delinquents were products of inferior breeding and defective genes ("feeble minded" advocated 3 main solutions 1) deportation (send back where they came from) 2) incapacitation (send back to institutions and sterilize them) 3) sterilization |
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Describe the third wave |
-eugenics in decline -more mental hygiene movement 2 important differences 1) juvenile justice had been influenced by the rise of the expert by the time of the 3rd wave 2) emphasis on the mind was distinct |
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When did interactionism occur and what was it? |
(1960s) -youth crime seen as reflecting individual and social context influences -meaning of social relationships and interaction -labelling theory- power of how ppl see us and label us |
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What was the rights discourse about? |
-womens movement etc, struggles for justice impacted criminology -JDA had such an emphasis on fixing and interviewing which challenged youth justice (devils advocate, pushes boundaries of current social orders) |
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What do feminist perspectives role play? |
These perspectives allowed us to see criminology as androcentric (male entered) -excluded women as subjects and producers of knowledge -female offenders "too few to count" -womens victimization ignored (structural inequalities) important because.. captured for us the idea their is blurred boundaries between being a victim and an offender |
