Soc 315 - Ch. 3

Front 1

Spouse, parent, student, employee and teacher are

roles.

achieved statuses.

ascribed statuses.

gender identities.

Back 1

achieved statuses

Front 2

_____________ is used to justify unequal treatment such as women in the military being denied the opportunity for career mobility that is associated with combat experience.

Gender role stereotyping

Sex

Gender role socialization

Gender identification

Back 2

Gender role stereotyping

Front 3

The socially learned behaviors, attitudes, and expectations that are associated with being female or male are referred to as

achieved statuses.

ascribed statuses.

gender.

gender identity.

Back 3

gender.

Front 4

A fertilized egg will develop into a female if it has the ____________ sex chromosomes.

Back 4

XX

Front 5

Persons who believe that they were born with the body of the wrong sex are

called transsexuals.

considered by scientists to be intersexed.

homophobic.

classified as homosexual.

Back 5

called transsexuals.

Front 6

Data suggest that differences between females and males develop out of a complex interaction of biological and cultural factors. Individuals learn the appropriate roles, as defined by their culture, through the process of

gender identity.

ascribing certain statuses.

gender role socialization.

achieving certain statuses.

Back 6

gender role socialization.

Front 7

Freud believed that children learn gender appropriate behaviors by

taking an active role in organizing their world.

unconsciously identifying with their same-sex parent.

constantly receiving metamessages about what is valued and important in their culture.

modeling, or learning through imitation.

Back 7

unconsciously identifying with their same-sex parent.

Front 8

______________ theory asserts that children learn gender appropriate behaviors indirectly through observation and modeling.

Social-learning

Psychoanalytic/Identification

Cognitive-development

Enculturated-lens

Back 8

Social-learning

Front 9

______________ theory maintains that once gender identity is developed, children are able to organize their behavior around it.

Psychoanalytic/Identification

Social-learning

Cognitive-development

Enculturated-lens

Back 9

Cognitive-development

Front 10

According to Bem, individuals are constantly receiving _____________, lessons about what is valued and important in their culture.

content analysis

gender role stereotyping

metamessages

expressive traits

Back 10

metamessages

Front 11

Agents of socialization are

created by the sociological imagination.

found only in a person's family of orientation.

the individuals, groups, and organizations that help form an individual's attitudes, behaviors, and self-concepts.

found only in a person's family of procreation.

Back 11

the individuals, groups, and organizations that help form an individual's attitudes, behaviors, and self-concepts.

Front 12

Children are provided their first exposure to gender learning by

the media.

their peers.

their parents.

their teachers.

Back 12

their parents.

Front 13

Researchers employ a technique called ____________, whereby they examine the actual content of programs by counting particular items within specific categories, such as the number of males and females featured in the program.

the scientific method

content analysis

modeling

key status

Back 13

content analysis

Front 14

According to a survey, 15 percent of the girls and 8 percent of the boys reported that they dieted or exercised:

to be healthier.

to look like a TV character.

on doctor's orders.

to fit in.

Back 14

to look like a TV character

Front 15

Historically, the mental health field has

frequently reflected gender-related stereotypes.

avoided allowing gender-related stereotypes to play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health patients.

avoided traditional gender associations when diagnosing and treating mental health patients.

ignored gender-related stereotypes in diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Back 15

frequently reflected gender-related stereotypes

Front 16

T or F

Sociologists regard the status of being female or male to be a master status.

Back 16

True

Front 17

T or F

Gender refers to the physiological characteristics that differentiate females from males.

Back 17

False

Front 18

T or F

The mother's genetic contribution determines the child's sex.

Back 18

False

Front 19

T or F

Certain Asian, South Pacific, and North American Indian societies recognize a third gender called the berdache.

Back 19

True

Front 20

T or F

Historically, the female gender role clustered around being the provider and protector of the family.

Back 20

False

Front 21

T or F

Traditional male gender roles required men to be non-emotional, non-expressive, and in control at all times.

Back 21

True

Front 22

T or F

In the United States, traditional gender roles have routinely been associated with white middle-class heterosexuals.

Back 22

True

Front 23

T or F

Sigmund Freud was among the first to explore how concepts of masculinity and femininity vary across cultures.

Back 23

False

Front 24

T or F

Research has found that parents, especially fathers, tend to engage in more rough-and tumble play with infant and young sons than they do with daughters.

Back 24

True

Front 25

T or F

Research has found that women in nontraditional occupations were, as children, more likely to have played with boys.

Back 25

True

Front 26

T or F

Two factors have been identified as major contributors to educational gender disparities: the organization of schools and teacher behavior.

Back 26

True

Front 27

T or F

According to the text, prime time television portrays women in a wide range of roles.

Back 27

False

Front 28

T or F

Both women and men perceive the female role as having more disadvantages than the male role.

Back 28

True

Front 29

T or F

There have been no observable gender differences in mental health.

Back 29

False

Front 30

T or F

According to Deborah Tannen, the purpose of women's "rapport talk" is to preserve independence and to negotiate and maintain status in the hierarchical order.

Back 30

False

Front 31

A status acquired by virtue of our own efforts. (p. 65)

Back 31

achieved status

Front 32

The type of status of being male or female in our society.

Back 32

master (key) status

Front 33

Statuses we are born into. (p. 65)

Back 33

ascribed status

Front 34

Persons who believe that they were born with the body of the wrong sex. (p. 68)

Back 34

transsexuals

Front 35

The oversimplified expectations of what it means to be a woman or a man. (p.65)

Back 35

gender role stereotypes

Front 36

The biological aspects of a person. (p. 65)

Back 36

sex

Front 37

A theory which argues that hidden cultural assumptions about how societal members should look, behave, and feel are deeply embedded in social institutions and cultural discourse. (p. 76)

Back 37

enculturated-lens theory

Front 38

The socially learned behaviors, attitudes, and expectations that are associated with being female or male. (p. 65)

Back 38

gender

Front 39

A theory which views gender appropriate behavior as being learned by unconsciously identifying with the same-sex parent. (p. 73)

Back 39

psychoanalytic/identification

Front 40

A theory that maintains that behavior that is regularly followed by
a reward is more likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that brings forth
punishment is more likely to be discontinued. (p. 74)

Back 40

social-learning

modeling


cognitive-development


agents of socialization

Front 41

. The process of counting particular items on television programs within specific categories. (p. 81)

Back 41

content analysis

Front 42

The overall feelings--positive or negative--that a person has about her-or himself. (p. 84)

Back 42

self-esteem

Front 43

A person's awareness of being female or male. (p. 65)

Back 43

gender identity

Front 44

The term used for people who are born with ambiguous genitalia. (p. 67

Back 44

intersexuality

Front 45

A process by which people acquire the gender roles that their
culture defines as appropriate for them. (p. 69)

Back 45

gender role socialization

Front 46

social-learning

Back 46

A theory that maintains that behavior that is regularly followed by a reward is more likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that brings forth punishment is more likely to be discontinued. (p. 74)

Front 47

modeling

Back 47

An indirect method of learning gender roles and gender identity. (p. 74)

Front 48

cognitive-development

Back 48

A theory that maintains that once gender identity is developed, children are able to organize their behavior around it. (p. 75)