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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Absolute poverty
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a condition that exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life.
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Ageism
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prejudice and discr. on the basis of age
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Age stratification
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inequalities, differences, segregation, or conflict between age groups.
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Class system
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a system of social inequality based on the ownership and control of resources and on the type of work people do.
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Cohabitation
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two adults living together in a sexual relationship without being legally married.
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Compulsory heterosexuality
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institutionalized practices that presume women are innately sexually oriented to men and men are too women, and that supports privileges associated with heterosexuality
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Discrimination
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actions or practices of dominant group members that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups.
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Domestic partnership
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a household partnership in which an unmarried couple lives together in a committed, sexually intimate relationship and is granted the same rights and benefits accorded to a married couple.
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Dominant group
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has advantages and superior resources and rights in society.
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Ethnocentrism
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the assumption that one’s own group and way of life are superior to all others.
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Feminization of poverty
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the trend whereby women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty.
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Gender
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culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males that are based on meanings, beliefs, and practices that a group or society associates with feminitey or maculinity
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Gender belief system
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social basis for gender roles, the idea of masculinity and femininity that are held to be valid in a society.
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Gender bias
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a situation in which favoritism is shown to one gender.
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Gender institution
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total pattern of gender relations embedded in societal institions
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Gender roles
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rights, responsibilities, expectations, and relationships of men and women in society.
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Gender stratification
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he hierarchical distribution of economic and social resources along the lines of gender.
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Glass ceiling
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The thing women run into when trying to climb the corporate ladder.
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Glass escalator
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the thing men use to pass women on the corporate ladder.
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Hate crime
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a physical attack against a person because of assumptions regarding their racial group, ethnicity, religion, disability, sexual orientation, national origin or ancestry.
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Heterosexism
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institutionalized set of behaviors and beliefs that presume heterosexuality to be the only form of acceptable sexual expression
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Homophobia
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excessive fear or intolerance for homosexuality.
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Inequality
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the condition of being unequal
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Individual discrimination
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one on one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property.
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Institutional discrimination
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day to day practices of orgs. And inst. That have a harmful impact on members of the subordinate groups.
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Life chances
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the extent to which individuals have access to important societal resources such as food, clothing, shelter, education, and health care.
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Macrolevel analysis
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focuses on social processes occurring at the societal level, especially in large scale organizations and major social institutions such as politics, government, and the economy.
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Microlevel analysis
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focuses on small-group relations ands social interactions among individuals.
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Patriarchy
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a hierarchical system of social organizations in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men.
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Poverty rate
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the proportion of the population whose income falls below the government’s official poverty line – the level of income below which a family of a given size is considered to be poor.
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Poverty threshold
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The official federal poverty measure. Using a formula, that incorporates the number of members in a household, and is adjusted each year for cost of living increases. This threshold is an income level amount; if an individual/family earns less than that determined amount, that individual/family is considered poor.
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Prejudice
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a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial and ethnic groups.
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Racism
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a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.
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Sex
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biological difference between men and women
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Sexism
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the subordination of one sex, usually female, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex.
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Sexual harassment
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unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature.
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Sexual orientation
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a preference for emotional-sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex, opposite sex, or both
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Sexuality
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attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to sexual attraction and intimate relationships with others
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Social problem
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a social condition or a pattern of behavior that harms some individuals or all people in a society and that sufficient people warrant change.
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Social stratification
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the hierarchical arrangement of large social groups on the basis of their control over basic resources.
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Socialization
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the process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes, beliefs, values and expectations
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Sociological Imagination
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the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society.
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Stereotypes
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overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of all members of a group.
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Subordinate group
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disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by majority group because of physical or cultural characteristics and regard themselves as objects of collective discr.
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Wage gap
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the disparity between women’s and men’s earnings
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