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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of personal inquiry?
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It may lead to false or misleading data. Over generalization, we perceive selectively (we see what we want to see), premature closure, the data presented is from our own experiences not another persons.
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What does knowledge from authorities mean?
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If we are told something from someone with power or someone we respect.
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Explain the scientific method
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It is a precise procedure that scientists follow to answer question they have.
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What is the purpose of research?
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To add knowledge and understanding
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What is the difference between exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research?
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Exploratory is on new subjects that lack research, and you trying to get basic information. Descriptive research is trying to explain groups, activities, situations, or events. Explanatory research is to explain why things are they way they are.
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What is the difference between pure and applied research?
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Basic research is to know new things, where as applied research is to solve a problem.
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Define Concepts
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Words or signs that share a common characteristics
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Define dependent variable
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Depend on change in the first variable
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Define independent variable
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The variable that affects the change of the dependent variable
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Define hypothesis
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A statement about how 2 or more things affect each other
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What are the criteria for causality?
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The variables are associated, the independent variable comes before or at least not after the dependent variable, there is no third variable.
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What are the differences between deductive and indeductive reasoning
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Deductive reasoning is start big (Facts) and get smaller (Theory), whereas inductive reasoning is start small (Theory) and get bigger(Facts)
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What is the importance of theory in research?
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Expose things that were previously hidden from peoples knowledge
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Explain the motives for research
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Finding answers to basic question and how they affect society.
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What are the functions of a literature review?
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The help to build more of a complete understanding of information.
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Explain how practical matters play a part in research
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It determines whether or not the question is even feasible to answer
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What are some reasons for ethical standards in research (Think historical)?
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the Nuremberg trials, Tuskegee study (black men and syphilis),
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Define Ethics
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standards and principles that determine what is right and acceptable during research
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Explain voluntary participation
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Choosing to participate with no persuasion of any sort, and the ability to leave at any time
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Explain what harms to participants means
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No damage to the physical, social, financial, legal, and psychological well-being of the individual
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Confidentiality Vs. anonymity, what’s the difference
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Anonymity is when no one not even the research can tell who it is, where as Confidentiality is keeping information away from all people other than the researcher and the individual being studied
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Explain deception in research and the controversy surrounding it
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Keeping information from the elements, the controversy is whether or not we can keep information about the study from the participants. it may also lead to psychological problems or harm.
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What is an IRB and what does It do and uphold
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Institutional review board, they review studies to see if it is actually acceptable for the researcher to do it. It stands up for respect, beneficence, justice
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Explain the balance between risk and benefit
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The researcher should try to find a balance between risk and benefit, normally this mean minimize risk and maximize benefits, but some time more risk is need to obtain greater reward.
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What is the reason for sampling
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When a population is too large for you to study
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Define sampling
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the process of drawing a number of individual cases from a larger population
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Define population
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The group of elements that you are trying to study
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Define element
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The subject within your study, like the participants
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Define unit of analysis (the types)
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Individuals (person), groups of people, social artifacts (this created by people)
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Define sample
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subset of a population; a number of individual cases drawn from a larger population
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Define sampling frame
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the group of sampling units/elements from which a sample is actually selected
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