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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Stratification
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System of ranking individuals in categories according to their access to desired and limited/ scarce resources in a society
--Universal --Stratified |
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Systems of Stratification
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1) Slavery
2) Traditional (Indian) Caste System 3) Estate System 4) Social Classes |
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Traditional (Indian) Caste System
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--Brahmins (Intellectuals, Educators)
--Kshatriyas (Warriors, Rulers) --Vaishyas (Merchants, Landowners) --Shudras (Peasants, manual labor) --Untouchables |
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Estate System
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Noble and Commoners, Later added the Priests as a middle group.
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Social Classes
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Upper, MIddle, Working, and Lower.
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Continuum
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Escalating ramp which links the highest ranked jobs to the lowest ranked.
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Status is made up of... (also, who said what?)
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Wealth (Marx)
Power (Weber) Prestige (Weber) |
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Socioeconomic Status (SES)
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Overall ranking of a person's position in the class hierarchy based on income, education, and occupation.
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Open Stratification
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Social Mobiligy based on Achievements
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Closed Stratification
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Social Mobility based on Ascription
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Conflict Theory
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Marx
False and Class Consciousness |
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Relative Poverty
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Not having enough money to maintain an average standard of living
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Absolute Poverty
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Not having enough money to afford the most basic necessities of life
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Feminization of Poverty
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Higher likihood that female heads of households will be poor
Because of: High divorce rates Teenage pregnancy, which brings more children into poverty |
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Social Mobility
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A person's ability to move up or down the class hierarchy
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Poverty line
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the minimal level of income that the federal government considers necessary for basic subsistence
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Horizontal Mobility
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Switching jobs, but maintaining the same class level
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Vertical Mobility
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moving up or down the class hierarchy
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Structural Mobility
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Caused by changes; Political, Economic, etc.
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Exchange Mobility
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EX: 50% of people move up in class, 50% of people move down in class. Therefore, the change is Zero
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Spacial Mobility
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Moving away. Causes people to gain social mobility
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Intergenerational Mobility
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Moving up or down the class hierarchy relative to the position of one's parents
--Between your generation and your parent's. |
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Intragenerational Mobility
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Moving up or down the class hierarchy over a lifetime
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Push/ Pull
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Causes Spacial Mobility
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Life Chances
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Opportunities a person has because of their birth into a social class
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Sex
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Biological
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Gender
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Learned attitudes and behaviors that characterize people of one sex or another
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Gender Role
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Roles relative to a gender
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Gender Identity
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Perception as masculine or feminine
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Gender Stratification
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People's unequal access to wealth, power, status, prestige, and other valued resources as a result of their sex
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Sexism
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Attitude or behavior that discriminates against one sex based on the assumed superiority of the other sex
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Glass Ceiling
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Cooley
Collection of attutidinal/ organizational biases in the work place that prevent minorities from advancing to leadership positions |
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Race
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--biological heritage
--genotype and phenotype |
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Ethnicity
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Cultural heritage
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Ethnic group
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Set of people who have a common national origin or cultured heritage (language, food, customs, etc)
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Majority
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Dominate
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Main Races
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Mongoloids (Asian, etc)
Caucasiods (White) Negroids (Black) |
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Lesser Known Races
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Native Americans
Ainus Australoids Hottentots Negritos Veddoids Malays |
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Prejudice
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Gordon Allport
Thinking ill of others without sufficient Warrant |
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Minority
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Subdominate
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Sociological VS Numerical
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Numerical doesn't matter. Sociological is the important one.
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Racism
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A set of beliefs that one's own racial group is naturally superior to other groups
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Discrimination
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External Behavior
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Ethnocentricism
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Believing your culture, society, or group in superior to others
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Scapegoating
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Subordinate groups are blames for issues in a society
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Stereotyping
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Generalizing, based on very few individuals
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Projection
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Projecting your own weakness onto the subordinate groups
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Merton's 4 categories
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Active Bigot, Timid Bigot, Fair-Weather Liberal, All-Weather Liberal
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Differentiation
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"There's something different about them."
--Often is the base of our prejudice |
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Miscegenation
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Interracial marriage
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Positive Patterns of Inter-Group
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Accommodation
Acculturation Assimilation Cultural Pluralism Compromise Tolerance Acceptance |
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Negative Patterns of Inter-Group
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Annihilation
Apartheid Segregation Self-Segragation Expulsion Partition Superordination/ Subordination Institutions of hostilities |
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de jure segregation
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By Law
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de facto segregation
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choosing to be seperate
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Conflict
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Avoid + and -
or Resolve + and - |
