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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Education? (Education is and has become a global issue)
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what is considered essential knowledge to be taught in school and is based largely on a country's level development, cultural values, political ideology, and guidelines from international standards.
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What is UNESCO?
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United Nation Education Scientific and Cultural Organization
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Education tends to focus on
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answers that have to do with knowledge, causality and the relationship of the facts. (Through socialization process)
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In compare to education, religion tends to
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address ultimate meaning in life and values that shape our decision making.
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Next to family, schools play the biggest role in
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socializing children into their self-concepts and attitudes toward achievement.
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What is schooling?
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the learn of skills such as reading and math in a building via systematic instruction in a trained professional. In a affluent countries, formal education is necessary for success and even for survival.
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What is the job of the UNESCO in the past 50 years?
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is the global center for discussion and implementation of educational ideas and organization models, which focus on teacher training, curricular guidance, and textbook sources, and it gathers international statistics on educational achievement.
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What is student peer culture?
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is a stable set of activities or routines, artifacts, values, and concerns that children produce and share in interaction with peers. (Nerds: In U.S; Ear'oles in Britain). Where class, race, gender and interest all affect children's experiences in school. and in their peer culture.
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Education plays a significant role
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in economic growth, social stratification and political behaviors.
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What is formal education?
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schooling that takes place in a formal setting with the goal of teaching a predetermined curriculum.
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UNESCO: organizational model in U.S. which consists of
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six years of primary school, and three years of intermediate and secondary school that is emphasis on comprehensive rather than specialized training.
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The enrollment rate between elite and the poor, male and female are narrowing in many societies that
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girls closed to half of student at primary level in most countries with 96 girls for every 100 boys worldwide in primary and secondary level (World bank 2011).
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Women are entering male dominated field
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of higher education and attending University at levels equal to or exceeding men.
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The quality of education is judged in part by
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student-teacher ratios and literacy rates.
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In 24 countries, the class sizes
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are fewer than 10 students.
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in 13 countries, the class sizes
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average of 30-39 students.
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In 4 countries, the class sizes
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average of 40 students.
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Aflluent countries have rates of 99% literacy for men and women
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male achieve higher levels in math and science which female have higher achievement in language and reading.
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Education is one on one mentoring learning process and the education
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has the power to change the way people think about the world, influence their sense of competency and effect their self-esteem and personal outlooks on self and society.
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School is a source
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of pride and a unifying symbol of identity.
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According to symbolic interaction perspective and the classroom
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it focus on how people interact based on the meaning they have assigned to various traits, behaviors, or symbols (clothing).
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Popularity is a major issue for many children
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Especially in middle school years, it refers to being noticed and liked and having everyone know who you are.
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According to symbolic interactionism, one's sense of self
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is an intensely personal experience that is shaped by the micro interaction of the school.
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The image that is reflected back to somone
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as student or as teacher can begin to mold one's sense of competence, intelligence, and likability. And that is how symbols affect sense of self or shape social hierarchies.
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According to rational choice theory and education settings
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which it focus on the cost and benefit analysis that individuals undertake in virtually everything they do.
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What is teacher retention in perceived benefit?
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by having rewarding professional practice, working with children or adolescents, and time-off in summers.
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What is teacher retention perceived cost?
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by having poor salary for a college graduate; lack of respect from parents, students, and administrators; 12 to 14 hours days for nine months of the years; and lack of professionalism in treatment of teachers. Which is in result of high turn over rate.
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There are 85% of teachers stayed in same school
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while 7.6% of teachers moved to new school, and 8% left teaching (5.3% because of their contracts were not renewed).
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What is one of the gender issue in peer culture?
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the sexual harassment is one of the major issues that four out of five students had reported some type of sexual harassment in school.
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In compare to boys, girls experience
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hostile hallways in more physically, while gender has been one major focus of educational disparities.
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One important fact is statistic indicate that the state of educational achievement varies
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greatly by sex, age, race, or ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
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Data indicate that although women do not score as high as men on achievement tests in math and science
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women hold higher education aspirations, are more likely to enroll in school (college), and in 2008 received 57.9% of under graduate diplomas.
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According NAACP, among those between age of 16 to 24
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who are not enrolled in school, only about half are working and one third are involved with the criminal justice system.
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There are 31% of Gay youth
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in U.S. has been threatened or injured at school in the last years alone.
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The unemployment rate has been reached in record high in recent years
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while black in U.S. unemployment rate is the age of 20 with average of 14.6%, in compare to white of 8.4%.
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Several sociologist suggest that teachers dissatisfaction can be
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addressed through organizational and structure change which allowing teachers more autonomy and control over their environments (Dworkin 2007; Ingersoll and Merrill 2012).
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One scholar estimated that teachers have more than a thousand interchanges a day in their roles as classroom managers (Jackson 1968)
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that they also act as timekeepers and traffic managers and spend a great deal of time in non-teaching clerical work. Many teachers complaint that they are so bagged down with paperwork and forms that they have little time to address the primary objectives of the school: school learning.
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What is two key features of being a professional teacher?
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there are autonomy on the job and self-regulation by the profession.
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What is the informal culture in school system?
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it includes the unspoken, unwritten, implicit norms of behavior that we learn in classrooms and from peers, whether in kindergarten or in college.
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And the dimensions of the informal school system
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which include the educational climate, the values climate, and the hidden curriculum within a class.
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What is the educational climate of school informal culture?
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it refers to a general social environment that characterizes a group, an organization, or a community (school). Such as teacher's expectations, classroom layouts,student's age and abilities, ceremonies and rituals (logos, symbols, athletic events, pep rallies and award ceremonies). All are influence by the teacher's use of discipline and encouragement, the organization of tasks, and opportunities for student interaction, the setting arrangement and classroom furnishings.
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What is the value climate of school informal culture?
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it refers to students motivations, aspirations, and achievement. Sociologists know that a student's home is influential in determining educational motivation.
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Teachers by manipulating
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the classroom through elicit cooperation and participation (cost-benefit ratio) that favors compliance, power play by setting student in a table, and give and take interaction that shapes a particular classroom.
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What is hidden curriculum of school informal culture?
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it refers to the implicit rules of the game that student learn in school by understanding social and academic norms.
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Gracey in 1967 describes early school (in preschool and kindergarten) socialization as academic bootcamp
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which teachers teach the students how to follow the classroom rules, to cooperate with each other, and to accept the teachers as the boss who gives orders and control how time is spent in class.
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What is formal education in the sixteen century?
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Catholics indoctrinate people, Lutherans to teach people to read.
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What is formal educational system in the 1900s?
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schooling was necessary to teach the lower class about the religion, better agricultural methods, and jobs.
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What is the Prussian Model?
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With strict discipline and ties to the military in 1800s. There are two track systems of one for rich and one for poor industrialized societies, schooling become available to the masses. And in 1950-2005, rapid rise in education worldwide soon followed by leveling off.
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What is the Bureaucratic school structure?
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is the formal bureaucratic atmosphere that permeates many school arose, because it was cost-effective, efficient and productive.
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According to Max Weber's (1947), school has
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division of labor among administrators (the roles and status of the school system), administrative hierarchy through communication, rules and procedures within school, formalized personal relations (the placement of the position on the basis of grading and tests), and rationality (of the most qualified individual get the jobs).
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The problem with bureaucracy which it leads to
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impersonal rules that leads to rigid behavior patterns and to apathy and alienation (Kozol 2006; Sizer 1984) and to directly influence the personal student-teacher relationship in the micro level.
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Who make the educational decision in some societies?
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In local level influence on school or libraries for restrict books that are unsuitable for children, while in national level influences is in the hand of each state (U.S. constitution).
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What is autonomy?
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a country of region, having the right of condition of self-government in a particular sphere.
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What is apathy?
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is the feeling of not having much emotion or interest, simply lack of interest.
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What is pervades?
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is a small spread through and be perceived in every part of something. Like permeate (spread) or perfuse (flow through)
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What is instill?
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gradually but firmly establish an ideas or attitudes.
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What is precluded?
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prevent from happening, as it stop or prohibit.
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What is deprived?
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suffering a severe and damaging lack of basic material and cultural benefit, as its disadvantaged; underprivileged.
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Immigrant families from around the globe view
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education as essential to success in their new cultures. The reality is that education is deeply interwoven into the Marco-level inequalities of the society.
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Why societies have education systems (Marco level)?
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Education gives individuals the information and skills that their society regards as important and prepares them to live and work in their society.
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What is the functionalist perspective on the purpose of education? (Education is functional)
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function that are both formalized (manifest) and informal (latent). Through socialization, selecting and training individual for position in society, promoting change and innovation, and enhancing personal and social development.
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What is the purpose of socialization in education in U.S. societies?
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is to teach children to be productive members of the society by to give essential information on culture, values, skills, and knowledge necessary for survival. In the formal school setting which meet the needs for societies (in the Marco level of industrial and post-industrial).
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What is selecting and training individual for the position in society, according to functional perspective?
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Thus, education outfits people for making a living in their society and contributing to the economy, and national income, and standard of living are linked to the level of education of the citizenry.
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What is the promoting change and innovation from functional perspective in education?
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in our society (high-tech age), critical thinking and analytically skills are more essential for problem solving than rote memorization, and this fact is reflected in curriculum change.
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What is the enhancing personal and social development from functional perspective view in education?
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student must meet certain expectations and compete for attention and rewards.
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Two widely cited classical studies on equal educational opportunity, the Coleman report and Jencks's study of inequality (Coleman et al. 1966; Jenck's 1972)?
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have had a major impact on policy in education and stand out because of their comprehensive data collection, analysis, and contribution to the understanding of inequality.
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Today, there are other methods to desegregate schools are in places
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There are schools like Charter schools, Magnet schools (which draw students from a large area to special curricula or services), and choice plans.
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The conflict perspective on education and stratification?
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the have's continue their positions of privilege, in compare to low-class children in society, prepared for less prestigious and less rewarding position.
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And when the elites of society protect their educational advantages
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the result is reproduction of class, socioeconomic productions of one generation passing on to the next.
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Problems of equal opportunity in schools, according to James Coleman (1968.1990) and the goal of equal education
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is to provide a common curriculum for all children regardless of background, to ensure that children from diverse backgrounds attend the same school, and to provide equality within a given locally.
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What is the role of education in stratification system?
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Education is supposed to be a meritocracy, a social group or organization in which people are allocated to positions according to their abilities and credentials, with the principles of a rational or formal bureaucratic social system, where the most qualified person impersonal and based on credentials. (Charles et al, 2007)
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What are the three sources of school inequality?
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there are testing (are biased) which assessing student achievement, tracking (streaming), and funding. And tracking also contributes to the stratification process that perpetuates (prolongs or continues) inequality.
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What is ACT?
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American College Test.
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What is SAT?
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Scholastic Assessment Test.
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Critics of standard testing argue
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that testing are biased against lower-class, minority, and immigrant students, resulting in lower scores and relegating these students to lower tracks of the education system.
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What is Philanthropy?
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Etymologically, means love of humanity in the sense of caring for, nourishing developing and enhancing.
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What is prevalent?
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widespread area at a particular time.
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What is parochial?
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the parochial church council, a church parish.
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Education and social policy issues
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what both presidents Bush (the program of NCLB: No children left behind) and Obama (Zero to five) have in common is increased centralization of power in the federal government, establishing standards of learning.
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What type of programs that Geoffrey Canada have implemented in Harlem, NY for poor children (6-18 ages)?
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a program called "Harlem Children's Zone".
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The Harlem Children's Zone, has been called one of the biggest social experiments of our time
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which president Obama has taken notice and plans to replicate the model in 20 others cities across the nation.
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Geoffrey Canada passionatlly stated
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"if a child fails, the community and society have also failed." And he is also the author of "Reaching up for Manhood: Transforming the Lives of Boys in America (1998).
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