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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sociology |
The systematic study of the relationship between individuals and society. |
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Sociological Perspective/Imagination |
To see and understand the connections between individuals and the broader social contexts in which they live. |
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Modernity |
characterized by the growth of democracy and personal freedom, increased reliance on reason and science to explain the natural and social worlds, and a shift toward an urban industrial economy. |
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Science |
Uses logic and the systematic collection of evidence to support knowledge claims. |
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Industrialization |
The use of large-scale machinery for the mass manufacture of consumer goods. |
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Urbanization |
The growth of cities. |
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Positivism |
A belief that accurate knowledge must be based on the scientific method. |
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Social Solidarity |
The collective bonds that connect individuals. |
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Division of Labor |
People specialize in different tasks, each requiring different skills. |
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Collective Conscience |
Shared values of a society. |
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Anomie |
Normlessness, without moral guidance. |
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Rationalization of Society |
The long-term historical process by which rationality replaced tradition as the basis for organizing social and economic life. |
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Social Theory |
A set of principles and propositions that explains the relationships among social phenomena. |
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Micro Level of Analysis |
A focus on small-scale, usually face-to-face social interactions. |
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Macro Level of Analysis |
A focus on large-social social systems and processes. |
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Meso Level of Analysis |
A focus somewhere between very large and very small social phenomena - on organizations or institutions, for example. |
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Structural-Functionalist Theories |
Focus on consensus and cooperative interaction in social life, emphasizing how different elements that make up a society's structure contribute to its overall operation. |
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Manifest Functions |
The recognized and intended consequences of social phenomena. |
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Latent Functions |
Their largely unrecognized and unintended consequences. |
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Dysfunctional |
Inhibiting or disrupting the working of system as a whole. |
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Conflict Theories |
Focus on issues of contention, power, and inequality, highlighting the competition for scarce resources. |
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Symbolic Interactionist Theories |
Focus on how people use shared symbols and construct society as a result of their everyday interactions.
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Culture |
The collection of values, beliefs, knowledge, norm, language, behaviors, and material objects shared by a people and socially transmitted from generation to generation. |
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Structure |
The recurring patterns of behavior in social life. |
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Power |
The ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when opposed by others. |
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Postmodernity |
A historical period beginning in the mid twentieth century characterized by the rise of information-based economics and the fragmentation of political beliefs and ways of knowing. |
