Soc 10 Review #2

Front 1

ethnocentrism

Back 1

the tendency to judge other cultures as inferior in terms of one's own cultural standards

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reverse enthnocentrism

Back 2

a type of ethnocentrism in which the home culture is regarded as inferior to a foreign culture

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cultural genocide

Back 3

a form of ethnocentrism in which the people of one society define the culture of another society not as merely offensive, but as so intolerable thet they attempt to destroy it

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cultural relativity

Back 4

thr perspective that a foreign culture should not be judged by thr standards of a home culture and that a behavior or way of thinking must be examined in its cultural context

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what is culture?

Back 5

way of life

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material culture

Back 6

all physical objects that people have borrowed, discovered or invented and to which they have attached meaning

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non-material culture

Back 7

intangible creations or things that we cannot identify directly through senses

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beliefs

Back 8

conceptions that people accept as true

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values

Back 9

CONCEPTIONS OF WHAT IS GOOD, RIGHT, APPROPRIATE, beautiful, etc.

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norms

Back 10

written or unwritten rules of behavior or conduct

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folkways

Back 11

norms that we apply to the mundane

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mores

Back 12

norms that are considered imp or essential

Front 13

what is the difference between denotation and connotation?

Back 13

denotation is the literal defination

connotation is the set of associations a word evokes

Front 14

what is an idiom?
Give an example

Back 14

a group of words when taken together have a different meaning than its intentional meaning

its raining cats and dogs

Front 15

group

Back 15

- 2 or more people who share a distinct identity, feel a sense of belonging, and interact directly or indirectly with one another

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primary group

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social groups characterized by face-to-face contact and strong emotional ties among members

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ingroup

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agroup with which people identify and to which they feel closely attached, particuraly when thet attachment is founded on hatred from or opposition toward another group

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outgroup

Back 18

a group toward which members of an ingroup feel sense of separateness, opposition, or even hatred

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culture shock

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the strain that that people from one culture experience when they experience the ways of a new culture

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reentry shock

Back 20

cultural shock in reverse. experienced upon returning home after living in another culture

Front 21

what are 3 factor that have an effect on the intensity of culture shock?

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-the extent to which the home and foreign cultures differ
-the level of the person's perparation or knowledge about the new culture
-the circumstances surrounding the encounter (vacation, job, war)

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subcultures

Back 22

groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinct values, norms, language, or material culture

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counter culture

Back 23

a sub culture that challenges, rejects, or clashes with the norms and values of dominant culture

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role taking

Back 24

stepping outside the self and imagining how others view its appearance and behavior imaginatively from an outsider's perspective

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what are the three stages of role-taking?

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- imitations
-play
-games

Front 26

difference between nature and nurture

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nature is biological
nurture is interactions that make- up every-day life

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socialization

Back 27

a process by which people develop their human capacities and acquire a unique personality and idenity and by which culture is passed from generation to generation

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what are six types of socialization?

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- primary socialization
-secondary socialization
-adult socialization
-anticipatory socialization
-resocialization
-gender socialization

Front 29

who coined "looking at glass-self?
what is it?

Back 29

Charles Horton Cooley
it describes a way in which a sence of self development in which people see themselves reflected in others' reactions to their appearance and behaviors

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resocialization

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discarding values and behaviors unsuited to new circumstances and replacing the with new values and norms

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what did Margaret Mead study?

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famous anthropologist who determined that we are not "born with selves" but rather that our selves are brought out by socialization

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gender polarization

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organizing social life around male -female distinction so that people's sex is connected to virtually every other aspect of human experience

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primary sex characteristics

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traits used for reproduction

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secondary sex characteristics

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physical traits not essential to reproduction (body hair, voice change)

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social emotion

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internal bodily sensations experienced in relationships with other people

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feeling rules

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norms that specify appropriate ways to express internal sensations

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diffusion

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the process by which an idea an invention or some other cultural item is borrowed from a foreign source

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engrams

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chemically formed entities in the brain that store in physical form a person 's recollections of experiences

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collective memory

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the experiences shared and recalled by significant numbers of people

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reflective thinking

Back 40

stepping outside the self and observing and evaluating it from another's viewpiont