Smu Nursg 144 Newborn Complications

Front 1

Alcohol-related birth defects

Back 1

Physical or cognitive deficits, which can range form mild to severe, that a child experiences as the result of alcohol consumption by its mother during pregnancy, milder form of FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome), cardiac anomalies, failure to thrive

Front 2

Alcohol related neurodevelopment disorder

Back 2

Milder form of FAS, a pattern of mental and physical birth defects caused by excessive alcohol use during pregnancy. The range and severity of the symptoms may vary greatly.

Front 3

Cleft lip and palate

Back 3

Incomplete closure of the lip (often called harelip) or palate (roof of mouth), a congenital fissure

Front 4

Chronic lung disease (Bronchopulmonary dysplasia)

Back 4

Pulmonary condition affecting preterm infants who have experienced respiratory failure and have been oxygen dependent for more than 28 days

Front 5

Coombs Test

Back 5

Indirect: determination of Rh (+) antibodies in maternal blood; direct: determination of maternal Rh (+) antibodies in fetal cord blood, a positive test result indicates the presence of antibodies or titer

Front 6

Congenital disorders

Back 6

Present or existing before birth or as a result heredity or prenatal environmental factors

Front 7

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Back 7

Abnormal; dysplasia development of the hip joint, resulting in instability of the hip causing one or both of the femoral heads to be displaced from the acetabulum (hip socket)

Front 8

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Back 8

Pathological form of coagulation in which clotting factors are consumed to such an extent that generalized bleeding can occur, associated with abruptio placentae, eclampsia, intrauterine fetal demise, amniotic fluid embolism, and hemorrhage

Front 9

Epispadias

Back 9

Defect in which the urethral canal terminates on the dorsum of the penis or above the clitoris (rare)

Front 10

Ertyhroblastosis fetalis

Back 10

Hemolytic disease of the newborn, usually caused by isoimmunization resulting from Rh incompatibility or ABO incompatibility

Front 11

Galactosemia

Back 11

Inherited, autosomal recessive disorder of galactose metabolism, characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme galatose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

Front 12

G6PD

Back 12

Enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which helps RBCs function normally, a deficiency in G6PD can cause hemolytic anemia, usually after exposure to certain medications, foods, or even infections.

Front 13

Hydrops fetalis

Back 13

Most severe expression of fetal hemolytic disorder, a possible sequela to maternal Rh isoimmunization, infants exhibit gross edema (anasarca), cardiac decompensation, and profound pallor from anemia, seldom survive

Front 14

Hypospadias

Back 14

Anomalous positioning of urinary meatus on undersurface of penis or close to or just inside the vagina

Front 15

Inborn error of metabolism

Back 15

Hereditary deficiency of a specific enzyme needed for normal metabolism of specific chemicals (e.g., deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase results in phenylketonuria [PKU]; a deficiency of hexosaminidase results in Tay-Sachs disease)

Front 16

Kangaroo care

Back 16

Skin-to-skin infant care, used especially for preterm infants, which provides warmth to infant. Infant is placed naked or diapered against mother's or father's bare chest and is covered with parent's shirt or a warm blanket

Front 17

Kernicterus

Back 17

Bilirubin encephalopathy involving the deposit of unconjugated bilirubin in brain cells, resulting in death or impaired intellectual, perceptive, or motor function and adaptive behavior

Front 18

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

Back 18

Function of fetal hypoxia: With hypoxia, the anal sphincter relaxes and meconium is released; reflex gasping movements draw meconium and other particulate matter in the amniotic fluid into the infant's bronchial tree, obstructing the airflow after birth

Front 19

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

Back 19

Acute inflammatory bowel disorder that occurs primarily in preterm or low-birth-weight neonates. It is characterized by ischemic necrosis (death) of the gastrointestinal mucosa, which may lead to perforation and peritonitis; formula-fed infants are at higher risk for this disease

Front 20

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)

Back 20

Signs and symptoms associated with drug withdrawal in the neonate

Front 21

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Back 21

Congenital heart defect wherein a neonate's ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth

Front 22

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Back 22

Recessive hereditary disease that results in a defect in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine caused by the lack of an enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase, that is necessary for the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. If PKU is not treated, brain damage may occur, causing severe mental retardation

Front 23

Postmature infant

Back 23

A baby born 2 weeks (14 days) or more after the usual 9 months (280 days) of gestation

Front 24

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Back 24

Condition resulting from decreased pulmonary gas exchange, leading to retention of carbon dioxide (increase in arterial Pco2). Most common neonatal causes are prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, and maternal diabetes mellitus; hyaline membrane disease (HMD)

Front 25

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

Back 25

Associated with hyperoxemia, resulting in eye injury and blindness in premature infants