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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Montainge
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Book of Essays
skepticism towards accepted belief condemned superstiontion and intolerance urged man to live nobly |
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August Comte
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The Course of Positive Philosophy
dividid history into 3 stages 1. theological- works of God's will 2. metaphysical- works by natural law 3. scientific- foget generalizations and stick to the facts |
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Francis Bacon
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Novum Organum
progressionist bias science has a practical role in human development |
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Petrarch
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Letter Boccaccio: Literary Humanism
believed in reviving interest in the classics, wrote sonnets expressing romantic love appreciation of nature |
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Boccaccio
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Decameron
works portrayed lecharous friars, ambitious merchants and a frankly acquisitive, sensual and secular society |
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Baruch Spinoza
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Ethics
"in the light of eternity" all determination is negotiation |
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George Hegel
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Philosophy of the Right
thesis vs. antithesis= synthesis |
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Pico della Mirandola
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Oration on the Dignity of Man
mans place within the universe lies somewhere between beasts and angels, but there are no limits to what he can accomplish |
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Thomas More
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Utopia- believed that problems in society were cause by greed
law should exalt mercy over justics citizens who live by reason live a nearly perfect life |
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Alfred Mahan
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Influence of Seapower on History
Future of the Military lay in the navy |
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Herbert Spencer
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Liberal Philosophy
believed that human society progresses through cmopetition if the weak receive too much help the rest of mankind was the loser this concept was applied to (not) aiding the poor |
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Gailleo
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2 Chief Systems of the World
E pur se muove (it still moves heliocentric theory of the universe |
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Thomas Aquinas
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Summ Thologica
believed that Christianity's premises and date came from divine revelation rather than imperical observation theology was considered a science, and he a scholastic |
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Jeremy Bentham
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Principles of Morals and Legislation
believed in the greatest good for the greatest number colonies were a burden for the mother country |
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Erasmus
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In Praise of Folly
although he was catholic he believed in teaching simple view of Christ admire clear and honest thinking and disliked intolerance and persecution |
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Macchiaveli
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The Prince
chief foundations of state and good laws and good arms deception, unscrupulous, cunning |
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Marx
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Das Kapital
Believed in the rise of the proletariat |
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Immanuel Kant
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Critique of Pure Reason
the categorical imperative, transcedental logic; 'thing in itself' |
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Voltaire
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Candide
best gov was enlighteneed monarchy since human beings are rarely worthy to govern themselves |
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Copernicus
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On the rev of heavenly spheres
heliocentri theory |
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Leopold Ranke
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Criticism of New Historians
purpose of historian is not to judge the past, in order to instruct the present, but only to show what actually occurred on should not praise or condemn an epic 'every age is immediate praise to God' |
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Thomas Malthus
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Essay on the Principle of Population
pop would exceed food production leading to faminne, pestilence and war |
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Mary Wallstonecraft
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Vindication of the Rights of Women
believed that a woman's mind was as good as a man's |
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Charles Darwin
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Origin of Species
originality lay in suggesting how biology might have ocurred argued that hcance difference among a member of species help some to survive while others die |
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Rene Descartes
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Discourse of Method
Cogito ergo sum (i thiink therefore i am) |
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David Ricardo
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Principles of Political economy and taxation
rising wages favor capital intesive production over labor intesive production |
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Louis Blanc
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Organization of Work
wanted to give the vote to the working class a state controlled wroking class could finance workshops to employ the poor |
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Charles Fourier
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Theory of Four Movements
advocated the construction of communities called Phalanxes in which liberated living would replace boredom and dullness of industrial life agrarian rather than industrial |
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Nietzsche
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The WIll to Power
traxvaluatino of values God is Dead |
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Thomas Hobbes
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Leviathan
sovereignty derived from the people, who transfer it to monarch by implicit contract rule of the monarch is absolute, but not by divine right |
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Johann Goethe
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Dr. Faustus
his work deomnstrated deep spiritual problems that euros would encounter as the traditional moral religious values were abandoned |
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Castiglione
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Courtier
man should be artisitc, talented, linguisitc, intellectual, dancer manners |
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Jacques Boussuet
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Politics Drawn of Holy Scripture
held fast to Old Testament belief that rulers were divinely appointed by and answerable only to God |
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John Locke
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2nd Treatise of Civil gov
konwlege is perception of the agreement or disagreement of 2 ideas wrote to justify revolution and man's right to overthrow unjust govs tabula rosa |
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John Stuart Mill
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On LIberty
advocated education of the working class as a means of raising their standard of living |
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Jean Jacques Roussea
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Social Contract
believed that individuals would surrender their natural liberty to one another, fusing their wills into a General Will which would be the true sovereign power the majority is always right |
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Abbe Sieyes
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What is the third Estate?
nobility is useless, "confidence from below, authority from above" |
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Hugo Grotious
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Law of war and peace
tried to prove that natural law existed and that states were bound by it first to propose a concept of UN believed war should be outlawed |
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Montesquieu
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Spirit of the Law
geography and climate determine the form of government believed in separation of powers |
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Lorenzo Valla
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False Donation of Constantine
exemplifies application of critical scholarship to old writings, as well as new secular spirit of renn |
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Lenin
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Our Program
in his intepation of marxism, allowed for an elite party and dual social revolution of the proletariat and the peasantry |
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Loyola
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Spiritual Excersises
Catholic soldier for god set forth system for disciplined prayer and asceticism to guide the members of society |
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Newton
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Principia
single set of explanations for motion both on earth and skies synthesis prevailed until the 20th century |
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Blaise Pascal
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Pensees
believed that gap between Christianity and natural science was great man was not physical center of the world, but his mind had penetrated world's laws |
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Beccaria
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An Essay on Crime and Punishment
attacked torture and capital punishment wanted speedy trial and sure punishment which was intended to deter further crime law was greatest good for greatest number |
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Rabelais
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Gargantua and Pantegruel
satirical fantasy considers questions of phiolosphy edu and politics expressed faith in individuals and their ability to lead good lives |
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John Calvin
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Institutes of the Christian Religion
Bible is the sole word for God predestination |
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Marx and Engels
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the Communist Manifesto
Economic conditions determined the nature of everything in society class conflict would lead to a bourgeosis revolution |
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Leo XIII
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Rerum Novarum
condemned socialism and Marxism for atheism and oppos. to private property isisted on moral obligation of employers to pay a living wage to worker |
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Count of Saint Simon
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The New Christianity
gov should be directed by scientists, not politicians, who understand the operation of modern industrial economy gov should serve interests of people |
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Adam Smith
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Wealth of Nations
Competition acts as the invisible hand serving to regulate the markeplace lessaiz faire |
