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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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three parts of small intestines
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duodenum
ileum jejunum |
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major epithelial cell types of mucosa in the small intestine
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paneth cells
goblet cells endocrine cells regenerative cells |
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major functional roles of small intestines
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absorption
digestion defense |
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clinical signs of small bowel pathology
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diarrhea
pain malabsorption |
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persistent bilious vomiting
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atresia/stenosis
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congenital disorders of small intestine
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atresia/stenosis
intestinal malrotation meconium ileus meckel diverticulum |
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disease that can predispose to meconium ileus
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cystic fibrosis
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meckel diverticulum connects what
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yolk sac to primitive gut
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rule of 2's with meckel diverticulum
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2% of population
2 in long 2 feet within iliocecal valve 2% symptomatic 2 yo |
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type of bacteria normally present in small intestine
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aerobic
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two types of diarrhea caused by colonization of bacteria
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secretory diarrhea
invasive diarrhea |
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viral causes of small intestine infections
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rotovirus
norovirus |
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two types of bowel ischemia
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transmural (full thickness)
mural (hypoperfusion) |
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intense pain
bloody diarrhea ileus |
bowel ischemia
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most common cause of obstructions
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adhesions
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type of hernia that causes small bowel obstructions
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indirect
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most common cause of obstruction in newborns
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duodenal atresia
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what is a volvulus
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bowel obstruction caused by bowel twisting on itself
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what is intussusception
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telescoping of bowel
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bacterial colonization of small bowel mucosa
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small bowel bacteria overgrowth
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removal of significant portion of small bowel
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short bowel syndrome
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enzyme deficiency of small bowel
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lactase deficiency
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transportation defects of small bowel
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abetalipoproteinemia (can't form chylomicrons)
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sx of abetalipoproteinemia
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steatorrhea/diarrhea
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sx of lactase deficiency
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increased H+ gas (farting)
diarrhea |
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gluten sensitive enteropathy
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celiac disease
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cause of celiac disease
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immune response to gluten
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structural alterations present in celiac disease that lead to malabsorption
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flattened mucosa
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genetic predisposition for celiac disease
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HLA-B8
HLA-DQ2 |
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disease assx with celiac disease
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dermatitis herpetiformis (autoimmune dz)
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removal of significant portion of small bowel
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short bowel syndrome
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enzyme deficiency of small bowel
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lactase deficiency
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transportation defects of small bowel
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abetalipoproteinemia (can't form chylomicrons)
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sx of abetalipoproteinemia
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steatorrhea/diarrhea
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sx of lactase deficiency
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increased H+ gas (farting)
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gluten sensitive enteropathy
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celiac disease
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pathogenesis of celiac disease
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IgA mediated response to gluten
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structural alterations present in celiac disease that lead to malabsorption
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flattened mucosa
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genetic predisposition for celiac disease
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HLA-B8
HLA-DQ2 |
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disease assx with celiac disease
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dermatitis herpetiformis (autoimmune dz)
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autoantibody present in celiac disease
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anti-tissue transglutaminase
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sensitivity/specificity of tTG
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95%
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(+) anti-tissue transglutaminase
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celiac disease
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clinical signs of celiac disease
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malabsorption
dermatitis herpetiformis (blistering of skin) |
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tx of celiac disease
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gluten free diet
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intestinal lipodystrophy
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whipple's disease
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etiology of whipples disease
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tropheryma whippelii (rod shaped actinomyces)
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skin pigmentation
fever CNS involvement pericarditis |
whipples disease
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pathology of whipples disease
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macs in lamina propria (PAS + granules)
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clinical signs of tropical sprue
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malabsorption following diarrhea
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etiology of tropical sprue
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e. coli/haemophilus
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peutz-jehger polyps
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benign polyps (hamartomas)
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most common type of small bowel malignancy
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adenocarcinoma
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prevalence of small bowel malignancies
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2%
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risks of carcinoid tumors
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potentially malignant
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hallmark tissue biopsy features of celiac disease
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villous blunting (flattening) with T cells (CD8 and CD4)
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