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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1) Halitosis
2) Pseudoptyalism |
bad breath
drooling due to reluctance to swallow |
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3) Regurgitation*
4) Retching |
-passive expulsion of ingesta
- an ineffective attempt at vomiting |
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5) Vomiting*
6) Hematemesis |
- forceful expulsion of gastric and/or duodenal contents
- vomiting blood |
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7) Diarrhea*
8) Melena |
- an increase in fluidity, frequency, of volume of feces
- presence of digested blood in the feces |
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9) Hematochezia
10) Tenesmus |
-presence of fresh blood in the feces
-straining to defecate |
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11) Constipation
12) Fecal incontinence |
-infrequent and difficult evacuation of feces
-inability to retain feces |
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13) Abdominal Pain
14) Acute Abdomen* |
- acute, usually severe, onset of abdominal pain
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15) Abdominal distention
16) Anorexia 17) Weight loss |
-extended abdomen
-not eating -drop in body mass |
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What organ is associated with gagging?
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pharynx
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What organ is associated with Dysphagia?
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oropharynx, pharynx, crycopharyngeal sphincter (UES)
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What organ is associated with Regurgitation?
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esophagus or lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
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What organ is associated with vomiting?
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pharynx, stomach, intestine, accessory GI (pancreas, liver), non-GI
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What organ is associated with diarrhea?
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small intestine, large intestine, accessory GI, non-GI
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What organ is associated with Tenesmus?
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large bowel, anal, pelvic canal
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What are the characteristics of dysphagia?
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Pseudoptyalism
Exaggerated swallowing movements Multiple attempts at swallowing Often extend head & neck while swallowing Will drop food during prehension Will expel food after eating – usually immediately May have accompanying respiratory signs secondary to aspiration |
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What is vomiting?
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A neural reflex initiated in the vomiting center
Results in forceful contractions of abdominal musculature and expulsion of ingesta out a flaccid upper intestinal tract Can be induced by primary GI disease or non-GI disease |
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What are the characteristic of vomiting?
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Usually associated with prodromal signs (nausea)
Restlessness, depression, hypersalivation, licking, swallowing, retching, shivering Material usually appears digested and fluid but may be undigested Usually delayed after eating May contain bile (secondary to duodenogastric reflux) pH may be acidic but can be anything Secondary aspiration rarely occurs with vomiting |
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What is expectoration?
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Forceful discharge from airways; not a primary sign of upper GI disease but may be confused with gagging, vomiting, etc
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What are the 4 signs of GI hemorrhage?
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Oral hemorrhage
Hematemesis Melena Hematochezia |
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What are the signs of oral hemorrhage?
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Disease of oral cavity
Coagulopathy |
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What are the dz associated with hematemesis?
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Any of the above
Nasal disease Respiratory disease (hemoptysis) Upper GI disease (esophagus, stomach, upper SI) |
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What are the dz associated with Melena?
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Any of the above
Entire small intestine |
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What are the dz associated with Hematochezia?
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Distal SI
Large bowel Rectal / Anal Coagulopathy |
