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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anestrus
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The period of rest, no ovarian activity-
signs- no vaginal discharge - no vulvar swelling Duration 2-10 months (51. months) |
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Anestrus Vaginal Cytology
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Acellular
non-cornified squamous epi cells No RBC's Some Neutrophils |
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Proestrus
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Preperation stage
Ovariam follicles start to produce estrogen signs- attracts males but will not accept swollen vulva +/- bloody discharge duration lasts 4-13 days average 9 days |
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Proestrus Vaginal Cytology
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+/- RBC's
+/- WBC's Some non cornified cells More cornigied cells |
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Estrus
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Standing Heat
Accepts Males Most of the eggs are released within 24 hrs after 5-6 days the errs are to old signs- sowllen vulva straw colored discharge duration 4-13 days, average 9 days |
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Estrus Vaginal Cytlogy
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80-90% cornigied epithelial cells
As this stage progresses, WBC's start to increase and RBC;s decrease |
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Diestrus(Metestrus)
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Ovary now secretes progesterone
Formation of the corps luteum on the ovary Progesterone peaks at day 15 most common time for pyometra(pus infection) signs: female now refuses breeding - may see puss-like discharge from vulva duration app 2 months |
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Diestrus Vagional Cytology
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Increased WBC's, Decreased cornified cells increased non-cornified cells, +/- RBC's (pretty Rare)
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Signs or Puberty in Male Dog
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Usually occurs at 5-9 months of age
Lift leg when urinate Marking Aggressive |
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Seman Evaluation
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Collection- aftificial vagina - manual stimulation
Criteria: color volume (ml) Motility Quantityy of sperm morphology |
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Pseudopregnancy
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signs - enlarged mammary glands, restlessness, nesting, excitement, abdominal distention, mothering of inanimate objects, can lactate
treatment - animals recover on their own |
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Pre-Breeding Considerations
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Vaccinations
Temperature of animal line health - genetics Brucellosis test hip radiographs eyes teeth/bite allergies, diabetes |
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Pregnancy
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Gestation - 63-65 days from onset of estrus
Females health influences: eggs that are ovulated health of pups pups ability to survive |
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Pregnancy
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Diagnosis by palpation: 21-28 days
radiograph - 42 days - skeleton forms see skull and veterbrae ultralound - 28 days |
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Breeding considerations
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Breed prior t 4 yrs old
Breed once a year Don't breed until 2nd heat (2yrs of age) Skip every other heat for breeding |
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Parturition(birthing Process)
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Nesting Stage (make bed)
Delivery Stage Expulsion of the placenta |
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What Female does after Delivery
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Lick and chew membrane surrounding pup
chew through the ambilical cord allow pups to nurse eat the placenta |
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Preparing for Delivery
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Whelping box, towles and wash cloths, bulb syringe, hemostats, welping book, dopram(respiratory stimulant) dental floss or suture material, warming ox, puppy pads, emergency clinic number, scale, warming light(red), puppy charts, marker or nail polish
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Human Intervention of pups
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clean mucous from pups mouth
tie off cord rub vigorously keep warm encourage to nurse(help latch) stimulate urination and defication(wash cloth on hind end) |
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Dystocia
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Uterine inertia
Psychological(gave up) Pelvic abnormalities (head too big) Over sized fetus (shoulders) Dead fetus |
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Signs of Dystocia (difficult delivery)
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No fetus after 24 hrs of labor
more than 2-4 hrs between pups obvious toxemia in female (sick fever) foul smelling vaginal discharge |
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Cesarean Section
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Done at the descretion of DVM
tools needed for pup - Dopram bulb for sucking towels tech for each pup hemostat |
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Post Partum Problems of female
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eclampsia (milk fever) low on calcium
signs - stiff gait, trembling or weakness, fever, seizures of convultions, dislated pupils, tachycardia |
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Eclampsia(Mild Fever)
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treatment - adnimister calciumgluconate IV
hand feed pups Prevention - calcium supplement wean pups early- right after birth |
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Mastitis
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signs- Swollen and hot mammary glands, hardened gland, inflamed and reddened, milk will appear clumpy and off color
Mother will have fever/pain |
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Mastitis treatment
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antibiotics, flush mammary glands, warm compressions wean pups - prevention - Good Sanitation (bacteria in gland)
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Feline Reproduction
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Induced ovulators - need vaginal stimulation
ovulation is usually 24 hrs agter breeding Seasonally polyestrus - spring and fall stronger heat stops in the dead of winter |
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Feline Reproduction
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Gestation -
length 63-65 days Diagnosis - palpate 16 to 30 days XRay 45 days Ultrasound 11-16, 16-32 for heartbeat |
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Paturition signs
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Vulvar enlargement, vulvar mucus, nesting, milk in mammary glands 3 days befor birth, milk in nipples 24 hrs before delivery
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Feline Reproduction
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Delivery - problems are rare, kittens minutes to hrs to days apart
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Signs of Dystocia (difficult delivery)
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No fetus after 24 hrs of labor
more than 2-4 hrs between pups obvious toxemia in female (sick fever) foul smelling vaginal discharge |
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Cesarean Section
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Done at the descretion of DVM
tools needed for pup - Dopram bulb for sucking towels tech for each pup hemostat |
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Post Partum Problems of female
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eclampsia (milk fever) low on calcium
signs - stiff gait, trembling or weakness, fever, seizures of convultions, dislated pupils, tachycardia |
|
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Eclampsia(Mild Fever)
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treatment - adnimister calciumgluconate IV
hand feed pups Prevention - calcium supplement wean pups early- right after birth |
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Mastitis
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signs- Swollen and hot mammary glands, hardened gland, inflamed and reddened, milk will appear clumpy and off color
Mother will have fever/pain |
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Mastitis treatment
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antibiotics, flush mammary glands, warm compressions wean pups - prevention - Good Sanitation (bacteria in gland)
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Feline Reproduction
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Induced ovulators - need vaginal stimulation
ovulation is usually 24 hrs agter breeding Seasonally polyestrus - spring and fall stronger heat stops in the dead of winter |
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Feline Reproduction
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Gestation -
length 63-65 days Diagnosis - palpate 16 to 30 days XRay 45 days Ultrasound 11-16, 16-32 for heartbeat |
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Paturition signs
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Vulvar enlargement, vulvar mucus, nesting, milk in mammary glands 3 days befor birth, milk in nipples 24 hrs before delivery
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Feline Reproduction
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Delivery - problems are rare, kittens minutes to hrs to days apart
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Anestrus
|
The period of rest, no ovarian activity-
signs- no vaginal discharge - no vulvar swelling Duration 2-10 months (51. months) |
|
|
Anestrus Vaginal Cytology
|
Acellular
non-cornified squamous epi cells No RBC's Some Neutrophils |
|
|
Proestrus
|
Preperation stage
Ovariam follicles start to produce estrogen signs- attracts males but will not accept swollen vulva +/- bloody discharge duration lasts 4-13 days average 9 days |
|
|
Proestrus Vaginal Cytology
|
+/- RBC's
+/- WBC's Some non cornified cells More cornigied cells |
|
|
Estrus
|
Standing Heat
Accepts Males Most of the eggs are released within 24 hrs after 5-6 days the errs are to old signs- sowllen vulva straw colored discharge duration 4-13 days, average 9 days |
|
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Estrus Vaginal Cytlogy
|
80-90% cornigied epithelial cells
As this stage progresses, WBC's start to increase and RBC;s decrease |
|
|
Diestrus(Metestrus)
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Ovary now secretes progesterone
Formation of the corps luteum on the ovary Progesterone peaks at day 15 most common time for pyometra(pus infection) signs: female now refuses breeding - may see puss-like discharge from vulva duration app 2 months |
|
|
Diestrus Vagional Cytology
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Increased WBC's, Decreased cornified cells increased non-cornified cells, +/- RBC's (pretty Rare)
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Signs or Puberty in Male Dog
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Usually occurs at 5-9 months of age
Lift leg when urinate Marking Aggressive |
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Seman Evaluation
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Collection- aftificial vagina - manual stimulation
Criteria: color volume (ml) Motility Quantityy of sperm morphology |
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Feline Post partum estrus
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Queens can go into heat within 7-10 days after delivery
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