Small Animal Disease Exam 1

Front 1

What is Pyoderma?

Back 1

bacterial infections that involve the skin

Front 2

clinical signs of pyoderma

Back 2

-red, moist with pus like exudate
-hair loss
-scratching and moist area
-painful and febrile

Front 3

Treatments of pyoderma

Back 3

-clean with chlorhexiderm
-treat primary case (fleas, parasites)
-Antibiotics
-Prednisolone, Tiamcinalone (Vetalog)
-Nolvasan shampoo
-Diphenhydramine/Hydroxyzine

Front 4

Abscess

Back 4

Deep suppurative infections
A collection of pus. causes swelling and inflammation around it
From:
-cat fights
-penetrating wounds
-self infliction (skin infections, dermatitis)
-aerobic, anaerobic organisms

Front 5

Clinical signs of abscess

Back 5

-depression/febrile
-anorexia
-tissue edema and swollen region
-ruptured purulent discharge

Front 6

Treatments of abscess

Back 6

-surgery (debride necrotic tissue, providing drainage w/ penrose drain)
-Antibiotics
-supportive care (fluids, nutritional support)

Front 7

Anal sac disease

Back 7

-impaction
-infection
-abcess

Etiology:
-large quantity thick secretion
-small ducts
-infection
-abcess
-poor grooming

Front 8

Clinical signs of anal sac disease

Back 8

-scratching, licking, dragging anal region
-tail chasing
-tenesmus (painful defecation

Front 9

Diagnosis of anal sac disease

Back 9

-palpate distended anal sacs
-look for fluid color
-abcess seen

Front 10

Treatment of anal sac disease

Back 10

-flush with dilute nolvasan/ betadine
-topical anti-inflammatory (Panalog, Otomax)
-Antibiotics
-analscculectomy

Front 11

Dermatophytosis

Back 11

-ringworm
-infection of keratinaceous structure (hair, nails, skin) by parasitic fungi

Front 12

Etiology of dermatophytisis

Back 12

- Microsporum canis
- Microsporum gypseum
- Trichophytan metagrophytes

Front 13

Clinical signs of dermatophytosis

Back 13

-pruitus
-irregular or circular areas of skin with alopecia and scales

Front 14

Diagnosis of dermatophysis

Back 14

-fungal culture (dermatophye test media DTM)
-Woods lamp (black light)
- Skin biopsy

Front 15

Treatment of dermatophysis

Back 15

-TOPICAL: antiseptic bath (Ketoconazole/miconazole)
-SYSTEMIC: Griseofulvin
+side effect: hepatoxicity, teratogen, cats extremely sensitive
Ketoconazole, Itraconazole

Front 16

Demodicosis

Back 16

-Demodex
-infects hair follicle and caused by immunosupression
-caused Demodex canis / Demodex cati (mites)
-NOT contagious to humans and other animals

Front 17

3 forms of demodicosis

Back 17

-Generalized
-pododemodicosis
-localized demodicosis (looks exactly like ringworm)
#animals <1 year, resolves spontaneously in 4-8 months

Front 18

Localized

Back 18

- non parasitic
-lesions on muzzle, head, ears, forelegs

Front 19

Generalized

Back 19

-begins local & spreads
- diffuse, alopecia, scabs and erythema
-pyoderma, puritus
- generalized lymphadenopathy

Front 20

Diagnosis of demodicosis

Back 20

- skin scrape
- skin biopsy

Front 21

Treatment of demodicosis

Back 21

LOCALIZED: -bathing w/ Nolvasan shampoo
- mitaban dip ++side effect: toxic to cats, sedates the animal
GENERALIZED: - mitaban dip
- skin scrap every 2-4 weeks, continue 3-4 weeks after negative scrape
- Ivermectin (usually doen't work)

Front 22

Sarcoptic mange

Back 22

- burrowing mite
- caused by Sarcoptes scabiei*
- Notoedres cati (cats)
- Cheyletiella
-Highly CONTAGIOUS, pruritic
- ZOONOTIC
-transmission by CONTACT
-Mites cause intense pruritis by mechanical irritation

Front 23

Clinical signs of sarcoptic mange

Back 23

- intense pruritis
- alopecia
- scabs, crusts, pyoderma

Front 24

Diagnosis of sarcoptic mange

Back 24

- Skin scrape (50-70% of scrape may be neg. need to find area that mite is hiding)

Front 25

Treatment

Back 25

- lime sulfur dip (young animal)
- mitaban dip every 2 weeks
- Ivermectin every 2 weeks for 2 treatments

Front 26

Otitis externa

Back 26

-ear infection

Etiology
-parasites
-foreign body
- atopy
-food allergy
- neoplasia
- Cocker spaniels, laborador retriever, most spaniels
-bacterial
-fungi (Malassezi pachydermitis)

Front 27

Clinical signs of Otitis externa

Back 27

- pruritus and head shaking
-painful ear and head tilt
- discharge or foul odor from ear

Front 28

Diagnosis of otitis externa

Back 28

- otoscope exam
- ear culture
- cytology of ear canal exudate

Front 29

Treatment of otitis externa

Back 29

- ear cleaning
-otomax , panalog ointment
- antibiotics, corticosteroids, antifungal (Ketaconazole)
- lateral ear resection
- total ear ablation & bulla osteotomy

Front 30

Corneal Ulcer

Back 30

-corneal damage/ abrasion

caused by :
-trauma
-infection
-foreign body
-chemical burn

Front 31

Diagnosis of corneal ulcer

Back 31

- corneal stain

Front 32

Treatment of corneal ulcer

Back 32

- antibiotics
- Atropine (eye drops to stop ocular pain)
- Surgery of 3rd eyelid flap, conjunctival flap

Front 33

Entropion

Back 33

- inward inversion of eyelid margins causing conjunctivitis and corneal ulcer

Causes:
- congenital
- Breeds: brachycephalic ( chows, shar pei, rottweilers, english bull dogs)

Front 34

Clinical signs of entropion

Back 34

- epiphora
- conjunctivitis
- chemosis
- corneal ulcer & scarring
-ulcerative keratitis

Front 35

Diagnosis of entropion

Back 35

- ocular exam

Front 36

Treatment

Back 36

- ulcer treatment
- lubrication
-Surgery: corrective entropion surgery preferred to prevent secondary eye damage

Front 37

Conjunctivitis

Back 37

- inflammation of ocular mucous membranes
-red eye/ pink eye

Causes: -infectious
- foreign body
- trauma
- irritants
- immune mediated