Sm563 Ch2 From Information Technology For Management

Front 1

application program

Back 1

a set of computer instructions written in a programming language, the purpose of which is to support a specific task or business process or another application program

Front 2

business architecture

Back 2

organizational plans, visions, objectives, and problems, and the information required to support them

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chief information officer (CIO)

Back 3

the director of the IS department in a large organization, analogous to a CEO, COO, or CFO; also known as chief technology officer

Front 4

client

Back 4

a computer such as a PC attached to a network, which is used to access shared network resources

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client/server architecture

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a type of distributed architecture where end-user PCs (clients) request services or data from designated processors or peripherals (servers)

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cooperative processing

Back 6

teams of two or more geographically dispersed computers to execute a specific task

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data item

Back 7

an elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored, but not organized to convey any specific meaning; can be numeric, alphanumeric, figures, sounds, or images

Front 8

data workers

Back 8

clerical workers who use, manipulate, or disseminate information, typically using document management, workflow, e-mail, and coordination software to do so

Front 9

database

Back 9

a collection of stored data items organized for retrieval

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distributed computing

Back 10

IS architecture that gives users direct control over their own computing; puts computing choices at the point of the computing need

Front 11

distributed processing

Back 11

computing architecture that divides processing work between two or more computers that may not be (and usually are not) functionally equal

Front 12

electronic exchanges

Back 12

a form of electronic markets which are web-based public marketplaces where many business buyers and many seller interact dynamically

Front 13

electronic markets

Back 13

a market of interactions and relationship over which products, services, information, and payments are exchanged

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end-user computing

Back 14

the use or development of information systems by the principal users of the systems' outputs or by their staffs

Front 15

enterprise web

Back 15

the sum of a company's systems, information, and services that are available on the web, working together as one entity

Front 16

enterprisewide computing

Back 16

a client/server architecture that connects data that are used throughout the enterprise

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extranets

Back 17

a secured network that allows business partners to access portions of each other's intranets and is usually Internet-based

Front 18

functional MIS

Back 18

an information system for a functional area, such as a marketing information system

Front 19

grid computing

Back 19

the use of networks to harness the unused processing cycles of all computers in a given network to create powerful computing capabilities

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information

Back 20

data that have been organized so they have meaning and value to the recipient

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information infrastructure

Back 21

the physical arrangement of hardware, software, networks, and information management personnel

Front 22

information system (IS)

Back 22

collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose; usually composed of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people

Front 23

information technology architecture

Back 23

high-level map or plan of the information assets in an organization; on the web, it includes the content and architecture of the site

Front 24

internet

Back 24

a self-regulated global network of computer networks connecting millions of businesses, individuals, government agencies, schools, and other organizations all over the world

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intranet

Back 25

a corporate network that functions with Internet technologies, such as browsers and search engines, using internet protocols

Front 26

knowledge

Back 26

data and/or information that have been organized and process to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise

Front 27

knowledge workers

Back 27

people who create and use knowledge as a significant part of their work responsibilities

Front 28

legacy system

Back 28

older systems that have become central to business operations and may be still capable of meeting these business needs; they may not require any immediate changes, or they may be in need of reengineering to meet new business needs

Front 29

mobile commerce (m-commerce)

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any e-commerce done in a wireless environment, especially via the Internet

Front 30

mobile computing

Back 30

information system applications in a wireless environment

Front 31

peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture

Back 31

a type of network in which each client computer shares files or computer resources directly with others but not through a central server

Front 32

pervasive computing

Back 32

invisible, everywhere computing that is embedded in the objects around us

Front 33

server

Back 33

machine, attached to a network, that provides some services to client machines on the network

Front 34

smart terminal

Back 34

a terminal that contains a keyboards, screen, and disk drive that enables it to perform limited processing tasks, yet whose core processing power is the central main-frame computer to which it is networked

Front 35

subscription computing

Back 35

a type of utility computing that puts the pieces of a computing platform together as services, rather than as a collection of separately purchased components

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supply chain

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flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw materials suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end customers; includes the organizations and processes involved

Front 37

transaction processing system (TPS)

Back 37

an information system that processes an organization's basic business transactions such as purchasing, billing, and payroll

Front 38

utility computing

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unlimited computing power and storage capacity that, like electricity, water, and telephone services, can be obtained on demand, used and reallocated for any application, and billed on a pay-per-use basis

Front 39

web-based systems

Back 39

an application delivered on the Internet or intranet using web tools, such as a search engine

Front 40

web services

Back 40

modular business and consumer applications, delivered over the Internet, that users can select and combine through almost any device, enabling disparate systems to share data and services