Slpa 985 - Tbi Exam 2 - Assessment: Speech And Language Considerations

Front 1

What are the 4 aspects of communication?

Back 1

speech, language, pragmatics, cognitive processes

Front 2

True or false: Almost all severe TBI survivors have deficits pragmatics and cognitive processes.

Back 2

True: Almost all severe TBI survivors have deficits pragmatics and cognitive processes.

Front 3

About 1/3 of TBI patients have a problem with ________ and also 1/3 have a problem with _________. (communication deficits)

Back 3

-speech
-language (aphasia)

Front 4

What are the 6 areas of cognitive processes that affect communication?

Back 4

-perception
-memory
-attention
-communication
-motor planning
-abstract reasoning

Front 5

What are the 4 areas of language processing that affect communication?

Back 5

-relational semantics
-syntax
-phonology
-morphology

Front 6

What is relational semantics?

Back 6

-an area of language processing
-how the word can be used in a sentence (i.e., noun, verb,...)

Front 7

What is phonology?

Back 7

-an area of language processing
-rules of the sound system

Front 8

What is lexical semantics?

Back 8

-an area of communication
- what the words mean

Front 9

What are the areas of perception (cognitive process)?

Back 9

visual and auditory

Front 10

What are the 3 areas of communication: lexical semantics (cognitive process)?

Back 10

-pragmatics
-articulation
-voice production

Front 11

What areas will you test for communication assessment?

Back 11

-language deficits (aphasia)
-speech deficits (dysarthria, apraxia, fluency)
-communication deficits (cognitive-communication impairment)

Front 12

About how many TBI patients does aphasia occur to?

Back 12

1/3 (usually co-occurs with a cognitive-communication impairment)

Front 13

What is the most important diagnostic tool in assessment of TBI survivors who do not have aphasia?

Back 13

language sampling

Front 14

Describe how you should collect language samples for TBI survivors who do not have aphasia.

Back 14

Obtain in: both written and spoken, in multiple settings, with multiple communication partners

Front 15

What elements should you look for in the language sample?

Back 15

-informal convo
-problem solving (simi/differ., inferences, what would you do...)
-sequencing (story retell, common activities)

Front 16

What components of communication need assessment?

Back 16

-linguistic
-extralinguistic
-paralinguistic

Front 17

What are the 2 parts to the linguistic components of communication?

Back 17

macrolinguistics and microlinguistics

Front 18

What are linguistic components?

Back 18

relate to comprehension and production of words, phrases, sentences, and discourse

Front 19

What are extralinguistic components?

Back 19

incorporate nonverbal aspects of comm in the form of gestures, facial expressions, and body posture and positioning

Front 20

What are paralinguistic components?

Back 20

highlight, emphasize, and modify meaning through vocal tone, rhythm, prosody, and intonation

Front 21

What are macrolinguistics?

Back 21

-part of linguistic components
-the big picture of discourse
-structural features that cross sentence boundaries and serve to organize written and spoken texts

Front 22

What do you evaluate for macrolinguistics?

Back 22

-topic selection and maintenance
-local and global coherence
-intersential cohesion
-story grammar
-gist comprehension

Front 23

What are the 2 types of coherence?

Back 23

local coherence and global coherence

Front 24

What is local coherence?

Back 24

individual utterances relate to immediately preceding utterances

Front 25

What is global coherence?

Back 25

utterances relate to overall topic of conversation

Front 26

What are cohesive markers?

Back 26

words that refer back to previous words (e.g., John went to the store. HE BOUGHT bread.)

Front 27

Do TBI survivors have more trouble with global or local coherence?

Back 27

more trouble with global coherence

Front 28

Do TBI survivors have more trouble with cohesion or coherence?

Back 28

more trouble with coherence

Front 29

What is a cohesive tie?

Back 29

cohesive marker along with the supporting, extrasentential information completing its meaning

Front 30

What are the different types of cohesive markers?

Back 30

-referential markers
-conjunctive markers
-ellipsis
-repeated, synonymous, or lexically-related words

Front 31

What is an ellipsis?

Back 31

leaving things out (these are okay as long as there is a tie)

Front 32

What are microlinguistics?

Back 32

-part of linguistic components
-details of individual words
-focuses on details relating to sentence formulation

Front 33

What are measures of microlinguistics?

Back 33

-counting the number of words produced
-assessing syntactic and morphologic proficiency
-tallying the number of ideas or propositions included in single sentences

Front 34

What problems will people with cognitive-communication deficits have with microlinguistics?

Back 34

-number of words produced
-efficiency of word retrieval
-expression of multiple propositions within single utterances

Front 35

What are 2 potential problems for verbal productions?

Back 35

-over-abundance of language production in certain situations
-paucity of speech production and reliance on communication partner to keep conversation focused and moving forward

Front 36

What is logorrhea?

Back 36

won't stop talking, dominating conversation

Front 37

What are the 4 Grice's Maxims?

Back 37

-quantity
-quality
-relevance
-manner

Front 38

What is quantity (Grice's Maxim)?

Back 38

be only as informative as necessary

Front 39

What is quality (Grice's Maxim)?

Back 39

be truthful in communications and do not state ideas that have insufficient evidence

Front 40

What is relevance (Grice's Maxim)?

Back 40

only make comments that are relevant to current topic

Front 41

What is manner (Grice's Maxim)?

Back 41

be clear and organized and avoid obscurity of expression, ambiguity, and unnecessary wordiness

Front 42

What is does paucity mean?

Back 42

too little information given

Front 43

True or false: Word retrieval deficits are not common for TBI survivors.

Back 43

False: among the most common

Front 44

What amount of survivors engage in too little eye gaze? Too much?

Back 44

-Too little: 1/3
-Too much: 2/3

Front 45

What are the 2 scenarios of facial expressions that survivors produce?

Back 45

-flat affect
-lability (pathological laughing/crying)

Front 46

How often does lability occur among survivors?

Back 46

11%

Front 47

What are the keys to communication assessment?

Back 47

-use tests you are most familiar with
-view language as a problem-solving tool
-do not expect one test to work for all
-recognize that survivor may be functional communicator in informal convo but not in other situations