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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the cause of Mental Retardation/Learning Disorder?
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usually unknown
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Define Mental Retardation.
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disability characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors (conceptual, social, and pragmatic skills). starts before age 18
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IQ for MR is _____ to _____ or ______.
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70 to 75 or below
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Describe syntax and morphology for MR.
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-shorter, less complex sentences
-fewer elaborations -learn grammatical morphemes in about the same order as normally developing peers -reach MLU levels at later mental age than children with typical development |
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Describe phonology for MR.
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-have more articulation errors and errors stay longer
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Describe semantics for MR.
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-easier to learn that syntax
-adjectives and adverbs are used less frequently than concrete meanings |
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Name symptoms of Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21).
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-mild to moderate MR
-hypotonia -facial features -hyperflexible joints -heart and respiratory problems -ear anomalies -oral-motor difficulties -deficits in speech, language, and hearing |
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Describe language features of Down Syndrome.
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-language development is in normal sequence but takes longer
-strength in gestures -vocab is better -syntax hard -pragmatics |
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List characteristics of Fragile X.
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-moderate mental retardation
-dysmorphic features (elogated face, high arched palate, large head and ears, flat feet, hypotonia, large hands with hyperextensible finger joints) |
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Describe language features of Fragile X.
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-delay is common for expressive language (syntax, sequencing, and organization)
-strengths in receptive language and verbal imitation -pragmatic issues |
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Describe Rett's Syndrome.
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-more boys than girls
-appear normal up to 5 to 18 months of age -then: head growth decelerates, loss of social engagement, loss of purposeful hand and developmental movements, poorly coordinated gait and trunk, severely impaired language and cognitive development |
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For autism, how many DSM-IV criteria must a child fit into and what are all of them?
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-2
-qualitative impairment in social interaction -qualitative impairment in communication -restricted patterns in behavior, interest, and activities -delays or abnormal functioning before age 3 in social development, language used for social communication, or play |
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Describe language for autism.
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-varies
-behavior = language -AAC? |
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What is an SLPs role in reading?
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-a critical and direct role in the development of literacy for children and adults with communication disorders
-prepare them to assume variety of roles related to the development of reading and writing |
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What is reading comprehension?
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the ability to understand what you read
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What is the simple view of reading? (2 main components of skilled reading)
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word recognition and listening comprehension
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What are the components of language comprehension? (5)
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-semantic and grammar
-text processing -background knowledge -verbal reasoning -metacognition |
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What are the components of listening comprehension? (3)
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-phonological awareness
-decoding -sight recognition |
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What are the risks for reading disorder?
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late talker, family history, and receptive problems
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What is phonological awareness?
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one's sensitivity to the sound structure of a word. measured by rhyming, blending and deletion tasks
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What % of children with a phonological awareness deficit in kindergarten had a deficit in word recognition in 2nd and 4th grades?
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~45%
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What % of children with a phonological awareness deficit and a family history of reading disabilities had problems in word recognition in 2nd and 4th grades?
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60-65%
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What is measured when looking at early reading?
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home literacy, letter knowledge, phonological awareness, rapid naming, vocab and grammar, and reading itself
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What are included in each of the 3 tiers of response to intervention?
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-tier 1- general education, progress monitoring, all students
-tier 2- targeted interventions, group and individual, progress monitoring, 15-30% of student population -tier 3- special education, 5% of student population |
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What are the roles of the SLP in early intervention?
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-educate about early indicators of reading disabilities
-implement school-wide screening program -help find appropriate screens -administer language assessment if indicated |
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Why do SLPs complete informal assessments?
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-formal tests don't tell everything
-in naturalistic contexts/settings -gain understanding of client's use of pragmatics and semantics |
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What is the most important informal measure?
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Language sample (pragmatics, semantic use, syntax, morphology)
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What do you need to consider before collecting a language sample?
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-setting (natural, give child some control over convo, few limits on child's behavior)
-method of collecting -recording method -analysis method |
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What does MLU stand for?
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Mean Length of Utterance
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What does EBP stand for and what is it?
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-Evidence Based Practice
-"conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of indivual patients." |
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What are 3 things that should be included in EBP?
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-best research
-clinical experience -client values |
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What are the 6 steps to becoming an evidenced-based practitioner?
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1- convert clinical need into answerable question
2- document the internal evidence 3- search for and find the best external evidence to answer the question 4- critically evaluate the evidence you find for its validity, strength, and usefulness 5- use your clinical experience combined with your research findings to apply to practice 6- evaluate and audit you performance (question everything) |
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What is PICO?
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P- the specific Patient being considered should be described briefly
I- the Intervention being considered must be identified C- a Comparison tx (such as existing tx or not tx) should be specified, if relevant O- the desired Outcome should be clearly specified |
