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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of normal speech fluency?
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speech that is fluent move along at an appropriate rate with easy rhythm . It is smooth, effortless, and automatic
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What are the characteristics of disfluent speech?
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disrupted in one or more of these elements: rate, rhythm, smoothness, effort, or automaticity
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Do normal disfluencies detract from communication?
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No
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What is a fluency disorder?
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speech with an unusually high rate of stoppages that disrupt the flow of communication and are inappropriate for the speaker's age, culture, and linguistic background, including dialect
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What are secondary features?
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eye blinks, lip tremors, head jerks, pauses, fillers, and word changes.
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Why do stutterers develop secondary features?
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to avoid or escape moments of disfluency
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What is the incidence rate of stuttering?
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1 in 100 people
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What is the prevalence rate of stuttering?
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5 in 100 people
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What is normal disfluency?
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do no detract from the communication between two people
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Do most cases of stuttering in children resolve?
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Yes
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Is stuttering more common in male or females?
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Males
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What is the male-to-female ratio for stuttering?
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3 to 4 boys to every 1 girl
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What is developmental stuttering?
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when stuttering emerges between ages of 2-5
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What are the characteristics of developmental stuttering?
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1) part-word repetitions
2) singe-syllable-word repetitions 3)sound prolongations 4) blocks 5) broken words |
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What are characteristics of borderline stuttering?
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18 months to 6 y.o.
- produce higher rate of certain types of disfluencies - some prolongations -little tension toward own disfluencies |
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What are characteristics of beginning stuttering?
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-true fluency disorder
-2-8 y.o. -core behaviors - secondary behaviors -emergence of negative feelings and attitudes toward stuttering |
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What are the characteristics of intermediate stuttering?
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- 6-13y.o.
- significant impairment of fluency - significant levels of fear and frustration |
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What are characteristics of advanced stuttering?
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- over age of 14
- self- id as stutterer |
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Which types of disfluencies are considered normal?
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phrase repetitions, interjections, revisions
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What are the characteristics of cluttering?
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breakdowns at he word or phrase level. (incomplete phrases, poor cohesion and coherence, and a fast and spurty speaking rate)
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In stuttering, what are escape behaviors?
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used by stutterers to get out of a moment of stuttering
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In stuttering, what are avoidance behaviors?
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used to evade moments of stuttering
1) word and sound avoidance 2) situation avoidance |
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What are part-word repetitions?
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" my dog dog dog house"
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What are single-syllable-word repetitions?
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" I I I I I don't know"
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What are sound prolongations?
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" I ddddon't know"
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What are blocks?
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" I don't --------- know"
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What are within-word disfluencies?
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affect the internal structure of a word
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What are between-word disfluencies?
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do no affect the internal structure of a word
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What are precipitating factor of stuttering?
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-Age
-Developmental -Self-Awareness |
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What are the predisposing factors of stuttering?
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-Family history
- Gender - Processing Ability - Motor Speech Coordination |
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Does stuttering tend to run in families?
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Yes
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Are stutterers likely to have additional communication disorders?
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Some do but many do not
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Do stuttering disorders begin after 6 years of age?
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Not typically
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What are acquired disorders of fluency?
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disorders acquired after birth
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What is neurogenic stuttering?
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stuttering that is the result from brain injury or neurological insult
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What is psychogenic stuttering?
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Stuttering that results from psychological trauma
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What is the difference between direct and indirect treatment of stuttering?
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direct treatment is delivered by therapist and indirect is not
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What are the characteristics of indirect treatment?
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- avoid putting child on the spot during social situations
- repeat what the child says to show that you are listening - make comments when talking with the child rather than asking questions - modify activities that seem particularly stressful to the child |
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Which types of stutterers are most likely to receive indirect treatment?
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young children (borderline stutterers)
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What is stuttering modification therapy?
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help to better manage moment of stuttering. not trying to eliminate or cure stuttering
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What is fluency shaping therapy?
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aim to produce fluent speech more often, potentially eradicating disfluencies completely
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