Slp Praxis 5331

Front 1

Ischemic Stroke

Back 1

blocked or interrupted blood supply to the brain

Front 2

Thrombosis

Back 2

collection of blood material that blocks flow of blood

Front 3

Embolism

Back 3

traveling mass of arterial debris or clump of tissue from a tumor that gets lodged in a smaller artery and blocks the flow of blood

Front 4

Hemorrhagic

Back 4

caused by bleeding in the brain due to ruptured blood vessels

Front 5

Intracerebral

Back 5

within the brain

Front 6

Extracerebral

Back 6

within the meninges

Front 7

Nonfluent Aphasia

Back 7

Broca's aphasia, transcortical motor, mixed transcortical motor, global

Front 8

Broca's Aphasia Location

Back 8

Left Posterior inferior frontal gyrus

Front 9

Broca's Aphasia Symptoms

Back 9

Relatively good auditory comprehension,

Front 10

Transcortical Motor Location

Back 10

anterior superior frontal lobe, below or above Broca’s area

Front 11

Transcortical Motor Symptoms

Back 11

Initial speechlessness, Echolalia and perseveration, Absent or reduced spontaneous speech, Intact repetition skill, Refusal to repeat nonsense syllables, Unfinished sentences, Limited word fluency, Simple and imprecise syntactic structures, Attempts to initiate speech, Good comprehension of simple conversation, Slow and difficult reading aloud; disturbed writing, auditory comprehensions relatively good

Front 12

Mixed Transcortical Motor

Back 12

watershed area or arterial border zone

Front 13

Mixed Transcortical

Back 13

Limited spontaneous speech, Automatic and involuntary nature of communication, Severe echolalia; repetition of an examiner’s statement, Severely impaired fluency, Severely impaired auditory comprehension, Marked naming difficulty and neologism; impaired confrontation naming, Unimpaired automatic speech if somehow initiated and not interrupted, Severely impaired reading, reading comprehension, and writing

Front 14

Global Location

Back 14

Perisylvian region

Front 15

Global Symptoms

Back 15

Impaired repetition and naming, auditory comprehension limited to single words at best, perseverations, impaired reading and writing

Front 16

Fluent Aphasias

Back 16

Wernicke's, Transcortical Sensory, Conduction, Anomic

Front 17

Wernicke's Aphasia Location

Back 17

posterior temporal lobe

Front 18

Wernicke's Aphasia Symptoms

Back 18

Poor repetition, Poor auditory comprehension, Intact grammatical structures, Severe word finding problems, Paraphasic speech containing semantic and literal paraphasias, Impaired conversational turn taking

Front 19

Transcortical Sensory Location

Back 19

temporo parietal region

Front 20

Transcortical Sensory

Back 20

Good repetition, poor auditory comprehension, Good reading but poor comprehension of what’s been read, Writing problems

Front 21

Conduction Aphasia Location

Back 21

Lesion in the region between Broca's and Wernicke's area, especially in supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus

Front 22

Conduction Aphasia

Back 22

Marked word finding problems, Near normal auditory comprehension, poor repetition, Buccofacial apraxia

Front 23

Buccofacial apraxia

Back 23

difficulty in performing buccofacial movements when requested

Front 24

Anomic Aphasia Location

Back 24

Lesions in different regions, including angular gyrus, second temporal gyrus, and juncture of temporo parietal lobes

Front 25

Anomic Symptoms

Back 25

Pervasive word finding difficulty, Good auditory comprehension of spoken language, intact repetition, normal oral reading skills and good reading comprehension; normal writing

Front 26

Subcortical Aphasia

Back 26

Lesions surrounding basal ganglia and thalamus

Front 27

Basal Ganglia Damage

Back 27

Fluent speech; intact repetition skills, Normal auditory comprehension for routine conversation, Articulation problems; prosodic problems; word finding problems, Semantic paraphasia, Preserved writing skills, Limb apraxia

Front 28

Left Thalamus damage

Back 28

Hemiplegia, hemisensory loss, right visual field problems, and in some cases, coma, Initial mutism, Severe naming problems, Good auditory comprehension of simple material, Good repetition skills, Impaired reading and writing skills

Front 29

Ataxic Dysarthria

Back 29

damage to cerebellar system; characterized predominantly by articulatory and prosodic problems

Front 30

Flaccid Dysarthria

Back 30

damage to the motor units of cranial or spinal nerves that supply speech muscles

Front 31

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

Back 31

damage to basal ganglia

Front 32

Spastic Dysarthria

Back 32

bilateral damage to UMN; lesions in multiple areas

Front 33

UUMN Dysarthria

Back 33

damage to UMN that supply cranial and spinal nerves involved in speech production

Front 34

Bulbar palsy characterized by

Back 34

Flaccid paralysis

Front 35

Chin tuck

Back 35

pushes base of tongue towards pharyngeal wall; expands vallecular recesses; narrows entrance to laryngeal vestibule by moving epiglottis posteriorly. Used for delayed onset pharyngeal swallow; reduced base of tongue retraction to posterior pharyngeal wall approximation; decreased airway protection; aspiration DURING swallow

Front 36

Head turn (to weak side)

Back 36

blocks bolus from traveling down weak side by twisting the pharynx; applies pressure to the vocal fold to increase approximation; reduces resting pressure or the cricopharyngeus by pulling the larynx away from the posterior pharyngeal wall (increasing the space)used for unilateral pharyngeal weakness; unilateral laryngeal weakness; cricopharyngeal dysfunction

Front 37

Head tilt (to stronger side)

Back 37

directs bolus to stronger side of oral/pharyngeal cavities used for unilateral oral weakness; unilateral pharyngeal weakness

Front 38

Head back posture

Back 38

used for oral transit dysfunction. gravity helps clear the oral cavity

Front 39

Chin tuck w/ head turn

Back 39

increases epiglottic deflection to narrow the entrance to the laryngeal vestibule; increases VF approximation by applying extrinsic pressure used for reduced airway closure

Front 40

Swallow maneuvers (not appropriate for those w/ cognitive deficits)

Back 40

Supraglottic swallow, super supraglotic swallow, Mendelsohn Maneuver, effortful swallow

Front 41

Supraglottic swallow

Back 41

Patient holds breath and coughs immediatly following a swallow to close VFs before and during swallow. Used when there is reduced airway protection (at the vocal fold level); Aspiration DURING the swallow

Front 42

Super supraglottic swallow

Back 42

Patient holds breath, bears down, and coughs immediately following swallow and immediately swallows hard again. Used when there is reduced airway closure; aspiration BEFORE and DURING the swallow

Front 43

Mendelsohn Maneuver

Back 43

Increased laryngeal movement stretches/opens the CP; Prolonging hyolaryngeal elevation keeps the CP open longer. used for 1) Decreased range/duration hyolaryngeal elevation; (2) Decreased range/duration cricopharyngeal opening; (3) Decreased pharyngeal swallow coordination

Front 44

Effortful swallow

Back 44

Used to clear residue in valleculae. The increased effort increases the posterior movement of the base of tongue

Front 45

Shaker Exercise & Mendelsohn exercise

Back 45

Rehab swallowing exercises to improve function of strap muscles

Front 46

MultipleSclerosis (MS)

Back 46

Progressive and diffuse demylination of white matter

Front 47

Multiple Sclerosis symptoms

Back 47

Impaired prosody, pitch, and loudness control, harshness, breathiness, hypernasality, articulation breakdown, and nasal air escape

Front 48

MyastheniaGravis

Back 48

Produces fatigue and muscle weakness, Decreased amount of acetylcholine at myoneuronal junction

Front 49

Myasthenia Gravis symptoms

Back 49

Often sound hypernasal, breathy, hoarse, and soft (dysphagia and distorted articulation may be present also)

Front 50

AmyotrophicLateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Back 50

Progressive, fatal disease involving degeneration of UMN and LMN

Front 51

Parkinson’sDisease

Back 51

Caused by lack of dopamine in substantia nigra of basal ganglia

Front 52

Parkinson's Disease symptoms

Back 52

Breathy, low pitched, and monotoned