Slhs 450 Exam 3 Terms

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Universal newborn hearing screening

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The application of rapid and simple audiological tests, typically with automated auditory brainstem response (A-ABR) and otoacoustic emission (OAE) measures, to all newborn babies prior to their leaving the hospital with the goal of identifying those babies who require further diagnostic testing; also called neonatal hearing screening.

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false +

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Occurs when a baby does not have a hearing loss but fails a hearing screening test.

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false -

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Occurs when a baby has hearing loss but passes a hearing screening test.

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Apgar score

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A numeric value between 1 and 10 assigned to newborns to describe physical status at birth.

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Speech detection threshold

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The level at which speech is just audible.

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Idiopathic hearing loss

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A loss with unknown origin.

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Prenatal

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Before birth

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Perinatal

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During birth

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Postnatal

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After birth

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Anoxia

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Deficiency or absence of oxygen in the body tissues.

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Computed tomography scan

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A computer generated picture of a section of the brain compiled from sectional radiographs obtained from the same plane; also known as a CT scan.

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Syndrome

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Collection of conditions that co-occur as a result of a single cause and constitute a distinct clinical entity.

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Cerebral Palsy

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A motor-control disorder caused by insult to the motor cortex of the brain, with a lack of muscle control, esp in the limbs

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Central auditory processing disorder

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An inability to differentiate, recognize, and understand sounds that is not due to either hearing loss or intellectual impairment.

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Auditory neuropathy

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Condition where the patient has a pure-tone audiogram that shows any degree of hearing loss, from mild to profound, and shows normal otoacoustic emissions and either absent or degraded auditory brainstem responses. Also called auditory dyssynchrony.

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IDEA

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

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Part C

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The section of Public Law PL 108-446 that refers to early-intervention services that are available to eligible children from birth through the age of 3 years and to their families.

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Individualized Family Service Plan

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Federally mandated plan for children age birth to 3 years that ensures appropriate early-intervention services for infants and toddlers and their families; the plan takes into account a child's current level of development, the family's resources and priorities, goals and services necessary for achieving the goals, and a time course.

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Manually coded English

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A form of communication in which manual signs correspond to English words, typically in a one-to-one fashion.

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Total communication/Simultaneous communication

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Refers to a combined use of sign and speech.

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Multisensory approach

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Refers to the use of both vision and hearing, and sometimes touch, to recognize speech.

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Unisensory approach

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Advocates the use of only residual hearing to receive spoken messages.

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Auditory-verbal approach

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Encourages a child to develop listening behaviors and to develop spoken communication by relying on residual hearing rather than vision; the use of appropriate and habitual amplification or electrical stimulation (via cochlear implant) is strongly encouraged.

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Cued-speech

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A system for enhancing speechreading; uses phonetically based gestures to distinguish between similar visual speech patterns.

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IT-MAIS

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Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration

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Center-based program

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Program wherein children attend therapy for a designated number of hours per week.

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Home-based program

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An early education program wherein an early interventionist visits the infant's home and provides instruction for the child and parents.

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Coaching model of intervention

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Signaling expectations and time delay

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Adult waits for the child's response and signals expectations by tilting the head or raising the eyebrows.

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Self-talk

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Language-stimulation technique in which an adult describes what he or she is doing or thinking for the purpose of promoting language development in a child.

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Expansion

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Language-stimulation technique in which an adult copies the meaning of a child's utterance but modifies or expands the grammar of the message.

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Modeling

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the act of representing or demonstrating a behavior

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parallel talk

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a facilitative language technique wherein the adult provides a commentary to match a child's play, describing what the child is doing and might be thinking and feeling, and does not require the child to answer direct questions

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recast

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Adult "recasts" a child's utterance into a question.

-Daddy go.

-Did daddy go to the store?

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comment

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Adult makes a comment to keep the conversation going or to positively reinforce the child.

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linguistic mapping

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Adult expresses in words or interprets the child's intended message using context as a clue.

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interactive silence

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The adult interjects a self-controlled pause following the adult's utterance and preceding an utterance by either the child or another by the adult that serves any of the following functions: wait time (imposing a social obligation to respond), think-time (the child has time to formulate a response), expectancy, and impact.

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IEP

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individualized educational plan

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multi-disciplinary team

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a group of professionals with different expertise contributing to the assessment, intervention, and management of a particular individual

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itinerant teachers

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Teachers who work in several schools, providing support services to children who are deaf and hard of hearing, and also their teachers

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Reverberation time (RT60)

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The amount of time in seconds it takes for a sound to decay by 60 dB in a room.

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self-contained classrooms

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classrooms that contain only children who have hearing loss

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mainstream classroom

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classrooms in which children who are deaf and hard of hearing attend classes with students who have normal hearing

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selective mainstreaming

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students who have hearing loss typically attend a self-contained classroom for academic subjects such as history and attend nonacademic classes such as art with students who have normal hearing

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resource rooms

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a designated place in a school where instruction in particular areas is provided to children who spend the rest of their day in regular classrooms

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inclusion

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integrates all students and activities into the daily routine of the general education classroom

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Coenrollment model

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a model of educating children who have hearing loss that entails a team of teachers, one a regular classroom teacher and the other, a trained teacher for children who have hearing loss

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appropriate format accommodation

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Accommodations that allow children with hearing loss to participate with children who have normal hearing on a "fair playing ground".

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background noise

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Undesirable noise that masks the auditory signal of interest.

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Reverberation

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The persistence of a sound due to the signal being reflected from the surfaces of walls, ceilings, and floors. Long reverberation times (more than 500 msec) cause a speech signal, such as a teacher's words, to merge with other signals and to lose clarity.

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Least restrictive environment

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A basic principle of IDEA (individuals with disabilities education act) that requires public agencies to establish procedures to ensure that to the extent possible, children who have disabilities are educated with children who do not have disabilities, and that special classes, separate schooling, or removal from the regular educational environment occurs only when the severity of the disability is such that education in a regular class environment cannot be achieved satisfactorily.