Slhs 3304 (Spring 2015)

Front 1

Egressive Glottic

(Types)

Back 1

Ejectives: Voiceless stops, affricates & voiceless fricative

Front 2

Egressive Glottic

(Language)

Back 2

Lakota language

Front 3

Egressive Glottic

(Mechanism)

Back 3

1. VF closed, velopharynx closed, complete constriction made in vocal tract

2. Larynx is pulled upward, decreasing volume above VF constriction. Pressure is increased.

3. Stop constriction released.

Front 4

Egressive Glottic

(Sounds & Symbols)

Back 4

Front 5

Ingressive Glottic

(Types)

Back 5

Implosives: typically voiced stops and affricates

Front 6

Ingressive Glottic

(Language)

Back 6

Lakota language

Front 7

Ingressive Glottic

(Mechanism)

Back 7

1. VF and velopharynx closed, stop/affricate closure made.

2. Larynx is pulled downward, increasing volume above VF. Pressure decreases.

3. Stop closure and VF released.

Front 8

Ingressive Glottic

(Sounds and Symbols)

Back 8

Front 9

Ingressive Velar Implosives/'Clicks'

(Note)

Back 9

No velar or uvular place of production

Front 10

Ingressive Velar Implosives/'Clicks'

(Mechanism)

Back 10

1. A dorso-velar closure is made

2. A stop closure is made using the lips, tongue blade or tongue lamina

3. The tongue body moves down and increases volume ahead of the tongue body, and pressure decreases

4. The front closure is released

5. The dorso-velar closure is released

Front 11

Ingressive Velar Implosives/'Clicks'

(Sounds and Symbols)

Back 11

Front 12

What is Boyle's Law?

Back 12

The name of the law that explains the relationship of volume & gas

Front 13

What is glottic ingressive?

Back 13

Front 14

What is an increase in sonority?

Back 14

Stops to vowels

Front 15

What is a voiceless bilabial fricative?

Back 15

Front 16

How do you calculate pressure?

Back 16

Force/surface area

Front 17

What is a voiceless bilabial egressive?

Back 17

[p']

Front 18

What is a syllable?

Back 18

Onset + nucleus

Front 19

What is not produced?

Back 19

[g']

Front 20

What is pulmonic ingressive?

Back 20

Airstream Mechanism NEVER used for oral language coding

Front 21

What is a velar ingressive?

Back 21

The velum can be down

Front 22

What is a rime?

Back 22

Nucleus + Coda

Front 23

What is a voiceless palatal stop?

Back 23

/c/ is sometimes used to replace /t/ or /k/ by small children

Front 24

How does pressure decrease?

Back 24

Chamber volume increases

Front 25

What is a glottal egressive?

Back 25

Front 26

What is the syllable nucleus?

Back 26

Front 27

What is a breathy vowel?

Back 27

Front 28

What is airflow?

Back 28

The rate of the movement of a quantity of gas through a given area in a unit of time

Front 29

What is a secondary-stressed syllable?

Back 29

Full Vowel +

Stress +

Tonic Accent -

Front 30

What is a voiceless pharyngeal fricative?

Back 30

Front 31

Bilabial Fricative

(Voiceless & Voiced)

Back 31

Front 32

Labiodental Nasals

Back 32

Front 33

Labiodental Affricate

Back 33

Front 34

Palatal Stop

(Voiced & Voiceless)

Back 34

Front 35

Palatal Fricative

(Voiced & Voiceless)

Back 35

Front 36

Palatal Nasals

Back 36

Front 37

Velar Fricative

(Voiced & Voiceless)

Back 37

Front 38

Velar Affricate

Back 38

Front 39

Uvular Stop

(Voiced & Voiceless)

Back 39

Front 40

Uvular Fricative

(Voiced & Voiceless)

Back 40

Front 41

Uvular Nasal

Back 41

Front 42

Pharyngeal Fricative

(Voiced & Voiceless)

Back 42

Front 43

Epiglottal Fricative

Back 43

[H]: Voiceless only

Front 44

Retroflex Consonants

Back 44

Made by curling the tongue tip back and contacting it with posterior alveolar ridge. Sometimes called apico-postalveolars

Front 45

Retroflex Symbol

Back 45

adding lower tail to IPA symbol

Front 46

Retroflex Stops

Back 46

Front 47

Retroflex Fricatives

Back 47

Front 48

Retroflex Nasals

Back 48

Front 49

Retroflex Tap

Back 49

Front 50

Nasal Consonants

(English)

Back 50

all English nasals are voiced

Front 51

Voiceless Nasal Consonants

Back 51

Hmong has phonemic voiceless nasals

Front 52

Voiceless Nasal Consonants

(Hmong - Examples)

Back 52

Front 53

Voiceless Nasal Consonants

(Mechanism)

Back 53

Air flows through the nose but the VF do not vibrate

(Can occur in English speakers who have cleft palate)

Front 54

Alveolar Trills

(R Sounds)

Back 54

Front 55

Voiced Alveolar Tap/Flap

(R Sounds)

Back 55

Front 56

Voiced Retroflex Tap

(R Sounds)

Back 56

Front 57

"Bunched R"

(R Sounds)

Back 57

Front 58

Voiced Alveolar Fricative Trill

(R Sounds)

Back 58

Front 59

Voiced Uvular Trill

(R Sounds)

Back 59

Front 60

Voiced Uvular Fricative

(R Sounds)

Back 60

Front 61

Voiced Bilabial Trill

(R Sounds)

Back 61

Front 62

Voiceless Lateral Approximant

(Alveolar Laterals)

Back 62

Front 63

Alveolar Lateral Flap

(Alveolar Laterals)

Back 63

Front 64

Lateral sounds perceived for English speaking children attempting central sounds

Back 64

Front 65

Palatal Lateral Approximant

(Non-Alveolar Laterals)

Back 65

Front 66

Spelled gl in Italian

(Non-Alveolar Laterals)

Back 66

Front 67

Retroflex Lateral Approximant

(Non-Alveolar Laterals)

Back 67

Front 68

Velar Lateral Approximant

(Non-Alveolar Laterals)

Back 68

[L]

Front 69

Velar Lateral Affricate

(Non-Alveolar Laterals)

Back 69

Front 70

Syllable

(Notes)

Back 70

Know how to divide into syllables

We tend to agree more on number of syllables than precise location

Front 71

Syllables

(What they are not)

Back 71

1. No one physiological act corresponds to a syllable

2. There is no consistent acoustic/perceptual correlate to syllable boundaries

Front 72

Sonority

(Def.)

Back 72

Degree of openness in the vocal tract

Front 73

How are syllables organized?

Back 73

trends in spoken language - with respect to how we determine syllables & syllable boundaries

Front 74

What has most sonority?

Back 74

vowels

Front 75

Most sonorous to Least sonorous

Back 75

1. Vowels

2. Glides

3. Liquids

4. Nasals

5. Fricatives

6. Stops & Affricates

Front 76

Syllable Onset

Back 76

syllables start out with at least one consonant

(can be glottal stop or short [h] if vowel-initial words --> ignore this when transcribing unaccented vowels)

Front 77

Syllable Nucleus

Back 77

syllables have at least 1 vowel (or diphthong)

Front 78

1 syllable =

Back 78

onset + nucleus

Front 79

Syllable coda

Back 79

syllables may have 1 or more consonants after the vowel

(phonemic consonants too, not just consonants for spelling)

Front 80

Rime/Rhyme

Back 80

nucleus + coda

Front 81

Syllable

(Equation)

Back 81

= onset + nucleus (+ coda)

Front 82

Syllables & Sonority Correlation

Back 82

Number of syllables = number of sonority peaks

Front 83

Sonority Peaks

Back 83

Syllables begin with low point in sonority (because they start with consonants)

Sonority increases until it reaches peak in the nucleus

Front 84

Sonority Triangle

Back 84

Onset --> increase to nucleus --> fall to coda

Front 85

Sonority Raising Rule Exception

(Syllables)

Back 85

/s/-stop clusters

these can be in onset (of word or stressed syllable) even though the /s/ is higher in sonority than /p,t,k/

Front 86

Ambisyllabicity

(Def.)

Back 86

sound seems to be in two syllables at the same time

Ex: happy, daddy

Front 87

Stressed Syllable Symbol

Back 87

[ ' ]

Front 88

In general Stressed Syllables are... than Unstressed Syllables

Back 88

louder

longer

different vowel quality

Front 89

Full Vowel =

Back 89

Cardinal Vowel

Front 90

Declarative Utterances Only

Back 90

stressed syllables are higher in pitch than unstressed syllables

Front 91

Primary Stress

Back 91

most stressed

Front 92

Secondary Stress

Back 92

less stressed

Front 93

Secondary Stress Symbol

Back 93

[ , ]

Front 94

Syllables with Secondary Stress are... than Unstressed Syllables

Back 94

longer

louder

Front 95

Syllables with Secondary Stress are... than Primary Stress

Back 95

shorter

quieter

Front 96

Stress is...

Back 96

Rhythmic

Unstressed syll. alternate with stressed ones

Front 97

Primary Stress Syllable Trend

Back 97

Rightmost stressed syllable tends to be the primary stressed syllable

Secondary stress almost never occurs after primary stressed syllable

Front 98

3 Binary Features of Stress

Back 98

Full Vowel

Stress

Tonic Accent

Front 99

Full Vowel

Back 99

Front 100

Stress

Back 100

Front 101

Tonic Accent

Back 101