Slhs 150 Important Terms

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MORPHEME

Back 1

A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.

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TRANSCULENT

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NONSIGNERS ESSENTIALLY AGREE ON THE BASIS FOR THE RELATION BETWEEN THE SIGN AND ITS MEANING.

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OPAQUE

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NOT ICONIC. THE SIGN DOES NOT VISUALLY RESEMBLE THE THING THAT IT REPRESENTS.

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LEXICAL

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of or pertaining to the words or vocabulary of a language, esp. as distinguished from its grammatical and syntactical aspects. VOCABULARY

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MINIMAL PAIRS

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PAIRS OF WORDS THAT DIFFER IN ONLY ONE MINIMAL WAY (SKIM, SKIN) (FOR SIGN; CHINESE AND SOUR)

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DISTINCTIVE FEATURES

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THE THINGS THAT INDIVIDUAL SOUNDS ARE COMPOSED OF; DIFFERENT ACTS THAT THE VOCAL ORGANS PERFORM IN ORDER TO TMAKE THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE.

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CLASSIFIER

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THE NOUN OR SUBJECT

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MORPHOLOGY

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THE STUDY OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF WORDS, AND THE RULES BY WHICH WORDS ARE FORMED

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MORPHEME

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THE SMALLEST UNIT OF LINGUISTIC MEANING

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HOMONYMS/HOMOPHONES

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DIFFERENT WORDS WITH THE SAME SOUNDS (BEAR, BARE)

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ORTHOGRAPHY

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THE SPELLING OF WORDS

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY/ SYNTACTIC CLASS

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WHETHER A WORDS A NOUN, PRONOUN VERB...ETC

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LEXICOGRAPHY

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THE MAKING OR EDITING OF A DICTIONARY

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CONTENT WORDS/ OPEN CLASS

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NOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

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GRAMMATAICAL WORDS/ FUNCTION WORDS

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CONJUNCTIONS (AND, OR), PREPOSITIONS (IN, OF),

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CLOSED CLASS WORDS

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PRONOUNS

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SUFFIXING

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ADDING TO THE END OF THE WORD

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PREFIXING

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AXDINT TO THE BEGINNING OF A WORD

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BOUND MORPHEMES

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MORPHEMES THAT CANNOT OCCUR UNATTACHED

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FREE MORPHEMES

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MORPHEMES THAT CAN OCCUR UNATTACHED (MAN)

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INFIXES

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MORPHEMES THAT ARE INSERTED INTO OTHER MORPHEMES

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CIRCUMFIXES / DISCONTINUOUS MORPHEMES

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MOPRHEMES THAT ARE ATTACHED TO A ROOT OR STEM MORPHEMES BOTH INITIALLY AND FINALLY

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ROOT MORPHEMES

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NON AFFIX LEXICAL CONTENT MORPHEMES THAT CAN NOT BE ANALYZED INTO SMALLER PARTS (SYSTEM, BOY)

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STEM

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WHEN A ROOT MORPHEME IS COMBINED WITH AN AFFIX MORPHEME (BELIEVE +ABLE)

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AFFIX

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PREFIX OR SUFFIX

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MORPHOLOGICAL RULES

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RULES THAT DEFINE HOW MORPHEMES CAN BE COMBINED

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DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES

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BOUND MORPHEMES LIKE IFY AND ATION

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HIGHERARCHIAL STRUCTURE

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THE ORDER IN WHICH WORDS NEED TO BE PUT TOGETHER

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PRODUCTIVE

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WORDS THAT CAN BE USED FREELY TO FORM NEW WORDS FROM THE LIST OF FREE AND BOUND MORPHEMES.

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Acronyms

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words that are derived from the initials of several words.

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back-formations

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incorrect assumptions upon the rules of a word, leading a creation of a new, incorrect word.

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clipping

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abreviating words to make new shorter versions

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eponyms

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words that derive from proper names of individuals or places.

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synactic rules

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rules about how to combine sentences.

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inflectional morphemes (inflectional endings)

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bound grammactical morphemes that are grammatical markers, representing such concepts as tense, number, gender, case and so forth.

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zero form

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no phonological representation.

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PLAIN VERBS

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VERBS PRODUCED IN A STATIC LOCATION THAT CANNOT BE ALTERED WITHOUT CHANGING THE MEANING OF THE SIGN.

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INDICATING VERBS

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VERBS SUCH AS GIVE THAT MOVE TOWARD SPECIFIC PEOPLE, OBJECTS OR SPATIAL LOCATIONS TO INCORPORATE ADDITIONAL MEANING. CAN ALSO CHANGE HANDSHAPE TO INCORPORATE DIFFERENT MEANING. (HE SAYS NO TO ME)

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DEPICTING VERBS (CLASSIFIER PREDICATES/HANDSHAPES)

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CONVEY INFO ABOUT THE ACTION OR STATE OF BEING. (DRIVING IN A CAR UPHILL)

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LOCATIVE VERBS

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TYPE OF INDICATING VERB WHERE THE DIRECTION OR LOCATION OF THE SPECIFIC SIGN CARRIES MEANING. (THROW, HURT)

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INTRASITIVE VERBS

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VERBS OR PREDICATES THAT DONT ALLOW OBJECTS. PRONOUN REPRESENTED BY POINTING. (HE IS SILLY)

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TRANSITIVE VERBS

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VERBS THAT USE/ALLOW OBJECTS. (THE MOTHER LOVES THE BABY)

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TOPICALIZATION

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(RAISED EYEBROWS AND SLIGHT FORWARD HEAD TILT) SHOWS MAIN TOPIC OF SENTENCE

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HOW DO YOU SIGNAL A YES/NO QUESTION?

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EYEBROWS RAISED, LEAN FORWARD, HOLD LAST SIGN

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HOW DO YOU SIGNAL A WH-QUESTION IN ASL?

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LOWER EYEBROWS, LEAN FORWARD, RAISE SHOLDERS

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QUESTION MARK WIGGLE

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(YOU REALLY THINK THE TEST WAS EASY?) X HANDSHAPE, WIGGLING OF HANDSHAPE, AND RAISED EYEBROWS, LEAN FORWARD

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HOW DO YOU SIGNAL A RHETORICAL QUESTION IN ASL?

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RAISED EYEBROWS, SHAKE/TILT OF HEAD