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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Freud
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Psychoanalytic theory
Unconscious, urges, fixation, sexual |
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Erikson
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Psychosocial theory
Social, crisis |
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Piaget
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Cognitive theory
Active |
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Pavlov
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Learning behavoirist - conditioning
Association, learning |
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Skinner
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Learning behaviorist - behaviorism
Reinforcement, punishment |
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Bandura
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Social learning theory
Model imitation |
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Vygotsky
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Social-cultural theory
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Bronfenbenner
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Bio-ecological theory
Systems, context |
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Sociobiological Theory
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Ethological
Evolutionary-adaptive |
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Where do reflexes reside?
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In the medulla
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Grasp Reflex
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Days after birth, the baby is strong enough to hold up its entire body
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Rooting reflex
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Moves its face towards finger when you brush its cheek
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Gross motor skills timeline
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Rolls over - 3 months
Sits up - 6 months Crawls - 8 months Pulls itself up/cruises - 9 months Pincer grasp - 9 months Walks - 12 months |
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Case Study
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In depth study of an individual person or group
Provides good info about individualized cases, but it's not generalizable |
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Observation
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Observe behavior in natural setting
Then, the researcher doesn't affect behavior, but there's no control and different interpretations are possible |
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Reliability vs validity
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Reliability = same score every time
Validity = truthfulness of a measure...you measure what you say you're measuring |
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Surveys
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Questionnaires
They're easy and direct, but can have loaded questions, may not have representative sample, issues with social desirability |
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Ethnographies
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Ethnographer observes culture
How long does it take for ethnographer to fit in? |
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Small correlation
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<.25
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Moderate correlation
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.25-.6
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Strong correlation
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.6-1
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Positive vs negative correlation
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(+) when one goes up, the other goes up
(-) when one goes up, the other goes down |
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Strongest and weakest perceptual abilities at birth
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Strongest = touch
Weakest = sight |
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When is the most critical period for teratogens?
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Period of embryo - 2-8 weeks
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Fetal alcohol syndrome:
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Slows mental and physical development
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Consequences of tobacco teratogen:
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very small, malformed limbs, underdeveloped lungs
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Effacement
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Thinning cervix
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APGAR Score
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Appearance
Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration |
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Anoxia and results:
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Deprivation of oxygen for at least five minutes.
Leads to brain damage and cerebral palsy |
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Only way to infer cause:
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A true experiment
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Independent variable
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The variable being manipulated by the experimenter
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Dependent Variable
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The outcome; what's being measured
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Buzz word for standardized tests
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Individual differences.
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