Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
differentiate EEG frequencies of: delta, theta, and alpha waves
|
delta < 4 Hz
theta 4-7 Hz alpha 8-13 Hz |
|
|
two states of sleep
|
non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
|
|
|
4 stages of NREM sleep
characteristics |
stage I - low amplitude theta
stage II - K-complexes and sleep spindles stage III/IV - delta waves |
|
|
when is EMG activity reduced, but not absent, in the submentalis muscle
|
NREM sleep
|
|
|
when is the EMG activity absent in the submentalis muscle
|
REM sleep
|
|
|
what occupies about 1/2 of total sleep in normal adults
|
stage II NREM sleep
|
|
|
when do vivid dreams with well-developed story lines occur
|
REM sleep
|
|
|
what occupies about 1/2 of total sleep in newborns
|
REM sleep
|
|
|
normal sleep in an elderly individual
|
absent stage IV sleep
|
|
|
caudal RAS contains what
function |
raphe nucleus
nucleus of the solitary tract required to induce sleep |
|
|
biologic clock for circadian rhythms
|
suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
|
|
|
receives direct input from the retina via the retinohypothalamic fibers to help reset the intrinci rhythmicity
|
suprachiasmatic nucleus
|
|
|
neurochemical substance identified to promote sleep
|
serotonin
|
|
|
individual underestimates actual sleep and complain of poor quality
|
sleep misperception syndrome
|
|
|
correlates with difficulty falling asleep
|
anxiety
|
|
|
correlates with early awakenings
|
depression
|
|
|
patients experience periodic sterotyped leg twitches during NREM stage I and II
|
nocturnal myoclonus
|
|
|
irresistible urge to keep the limbs in motion while falling asleep
|
restless leg syndrome
|
|
|
treatment of restless leg syndrome
|
DA agonist:
ropinirole pramepexole |
|
|
treatment of insomnia
|
benzodiazepines
|
|
|
potent suppressors of deep slow-wave sleep
|
benzodiazepines
|
|
|
in what stage does nocturnal enuresis occur
|
stage IV slow-wave sleep
|
|
|
in what stages of sleep is somnambulism and night terrors found
|
stages III/IV slow-wave sleep
|
|
|
patients experience violent behavior during sleep, describe vivid, violent moving nightmares
|
REM behavior disorder
|
|
|
what disease is associated with REM behavior disorder
|
parkinsonism:
PD (early features) progressive supranuclear palsy ~100% |
|
|
differentiate night terrrors and nightmares
|
NT - stage III/IV sleep, high intensity, no memory
NM - REM sleep, low intensity, can remember |
|
|
associated with central sleep apnea
|
myotonic dystrophy
bulbar poliomyelitis |
|
|
distinguishing feature of sleep apnea
|
morning headaches
|
|
|
complications of long-standing sleep apnea
|
Pickwickian syndrome:
polycythemia pulmonary HTN cor pulmonale |
|
|
syndrome of excessive sleepiness and abnormalities of REM sleep
|
narcolepsy
|
|
|
symptoms associated with narcolepsy
|
excessive day time somnolence
cataplexy sleep paralysis hypnagogic hallucinations |
|
|
what must be present to diagnose narcolepsy
|
excessive day time somnolence with cataplexy
|
|
|
treatment of narcolepsy
|
stimulants
|
|
|
polysomnography seen in narcolepsy
|
ability to fall asleep within ten minutes of lying down
look for direct transitions from wakefulness to REM sleep |
|
|
treatment of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations
|
TCAs
|
|
|
muscular weakness or paralysis brought on by excitement or emotion
|
cataplexy
|
