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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most important behaviour change due to SD=
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microsleep intruding into W & lapses in cognitive functions
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complete SD occurs only in which illness
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FFI
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from clinical POV, SD recognized by diagnosis of
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insufficient sleep syndrome
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SD can have positive benefits for which disease?
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depression
*antidepressants suppress REMS |
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Humans:
total SD (TSD)= partial SD (PSD)= sleep fragmentation= |
-lack of S for at least one night(acute) longer (chronic)
-restricted S for multiple nights (chronic) -repeated awakenings from S, decreased S amount BUT normal time in bed |
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_____commonly used SD in research
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acute TSD
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____more frequently experienced in real‐world settings and is called also chronic sleep restrictions
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chronic PSD
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Animals (rats):
TSD= state specific deprivation= 2 main methods to SD animals |
-deprive all stages of sleep
-deprive some stages (REMS) -gentle handling & forced locomotion |
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flower pot/platform or disk over water (DOW) methods are used for____deprivation
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rems
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as SD increases S pressure_____
(initiation of S happens more often/sooner) |
increases
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MSLT and MWT (Maintenance of Wakefulness Tests)
show (2) during SD |
reduction in latency to fall asleep
increasing drive for S |
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cognitive tasks vary considerably in their _____ to SD
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sensitivity
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SD adversely affects (2)
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prefrontal cortex-related executive attention
working memory *attention and memory affected |
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complex tasks (higher order cognitive function) are they affected by SD
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not really
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SD does what to mood?
emotion? |
increased (-) mood states
impaired emotional *emotional processes SENSITIVE to SD |
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____interaction between sleep and hormones
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bidirectional
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during 1st half night: ___hormone high and ___(2) low
during 2nd half of night: |
GH; acth&cortisol
acth&cortisol high; GH low |
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next slides for hypothalamo-pituitary somatotropic system
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..
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GH stimulates (2)
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tissue growth and protein anabolism
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GH secretion is ↑ by (2) and ↓ by (1)
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GHRH / Ghrelin
somatostatin (GHIH) |
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GHRH secretion also shows a _____ rhythm, with its
peak when sleep propensity reaches a max (evening) and low levels in the morning |
circadian
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GHRH promotes ____sleep
potential targets include (1) |
SWS
GABAergic neurons of the anterior hypothalamus |
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SD depletes _____ in the hypothalamus (mRNA ↑) and
suppresses ____ secretion |
GHRH
GH |
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CRH administration decreases ___sleep and increases
(2) what about cortisol? |
SWS
REMS+W opposite effect, due to (-) feedback inhibition of CRH |
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in cushings disease (a pituitary adenoma which increases___) causes sws to___
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ACTH
decrease |
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SD results in ____ of evening/night cortisol
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increases
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SD does what to sympathetic activation/blood catechoalmines
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increases
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melatonin, independant or dependent from sleep
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independant
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glucose metabolism during SD?
plasma glucose levels after SD? |
decreases
increases |
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insuin secretion normally__at night
insulin increases___sleep |
high
sws |
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SD causes levels of leptin to
ghrelin? |
decrease
increase *result=higher caloric intake/weight gain/maybe obesity |
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SD can increase risk of (2) cardiovascular events
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hypertension
coronary events *maybe due to inflammatory mediators |
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inflammtory mediators induce___sleep
anti inflammtory factors (interleuikins/glucocotricoids) reduce___sleep |
sws
sws |
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TSD causes
___monocytes/neutrophiles ___lymphocytes ___leveles of IL-6/CRP |
increase
decrease increase |
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SD effects on the immune system seem to be due to activation of the ____ system
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sympathetic
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