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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alpha Wave Activity |
8-12 Hz Before Sleep/Stage 1 -resting quietly -mostly when eyes closed -awake, functional |
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Beta Wave Activity |
13-30 Hz Alert Wakefulness -arousal -alert and attentive, fast |
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Theta Wave Activity |
4-7 Hz Stage 2/ 1/2 Stages 1 and 3 -appears intermittently during early stages of sleep+REM |
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Delta Wave Activity |
2-3 Hz Slow Wave Sleep/Stage 4/ 1/2 Stage 3 -deep stage sleep -body is relaxing |
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Stage 2 Sleep |
Theta Waves Sleep spindles-short bursts of beta K Complexes-random large amplitude You know person is sleeping here Irregular, 15 minutes |
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Stage 1 Sleep |
Theta Activity Transition b/w sleep and wakefulness Eye lids open and eyes roll up and down 10 minutes |
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Stage 3 Sleep |
20-50% Delta Waves Slow wave sleep, 20 minutes |
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Stage 4 Sleep |
More than 50% Delta Waves Slow wave sleep, 45 minutes Deepest stage of sleep Awakened only by loud noises=groggy Not dreams, fleeting thoughts, images, emos Only about 1.25 hours, over in first 4 hours |
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REM Sleep (Rapid Eye Movement) |
Desynchronization(rapid, irregular waves, theta and beta) 20-30 minutes 4-6 occurrences per night for most Irregular heart beat, regulated breathing Paralysis- lose muscle tone-atonia Alert if awakened Story-like dreams |
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Functions of Slow Wave Sleep |
Essential for survival Cerebral metabolic rate and blood flow decrease Decreased activity of regions most active in day Mental activity increases glucose metabolism in brain which increases delta activity Flush CSF-rid the brain of waste Alzheimers |
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Functions of REM Sleep |
Need REM, lack reduces cognitive ability Controlled by a regulatory mechanism Brain development Learning Memory consolidation- flush unwanted info |
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Adenosine (Chemical control of Sleep) |
Responsible for sleeping -high levels increase delta activity -levels increase with time awake -involved with cognitive+emotional effects of sleep deprivation |
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Benzodiazepines (Chemical control of Sleep) |
Promote sleep, used to treat insomnia Acts on GABA Anti-anxiety, sleeping pills Decrease amount of REM and stage 4 sleep -REM rebound-spend next sleep in more REM |
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Ventrolateral Preoptic Area (VLPA) (Neural control of SWS) |
In basal forebrain near hypo Near pathway of optic nerve -destruction produces insomnia -firing increases during SWS and REM |
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Neural Control of Arousal |
Norepinephrine- Pons Acetylcholine- Pons + basal forebrain Serotonin- reticular formation Histamine-hypo, histamine blockers-benadryl |
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Neural Control of REM Sleep |
Cerebral metabolism is high as when awake Dorsolateral Pons-Peribrachial Area -lesions result in decreased REM sleep -Pons=audition + sleep |
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Insomnia |
Affects 25% occasionally Affects 9% regularly Short vs. long sleepers -some of us only need 5 hours Often symptom of other problem |
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Sleep Apnea |
Breathing stops during sleep Build up of CO2 in blood Usually in overweight people who sleep open mouthed TCPAP mask=treatment More often in males not females Tonsils affect it |
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Narcolepsy |
Rapid onset of uncontrollable sleep Sleep at inappropriate times Difficult staying asleep Sleep attack+Sleep paralysis+Hypnagogic hallucinations (urge to sleep+inability to move+dream while lying awake) Poor neural control of REM Treat with Ritalin+antidepressants |
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Cataplexy |
NOT sleep disorder -physical loss of muscle tone and collapse -remain awake -triggered by strong emotion or sudden move |
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Sleep Disorders |
REM without atonia -somnambulism -no muscle paralysis -sleep talking -physically act out dreams -night terrors -treat with a benzo -enuresis -encopresis |
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Sleep Deprivation |
Short Term= <60 hours -little effects besides discomfort, no lasting effects Long Term= >60 hours -Hallucinations, psych disorders, anxiety, irritability, decreased concentration, REM deprivation |
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Circadian Rhythms |
Daily 24 hour cycle, rhythmic changes in behavior and physiological processes Responds to changes in light Internal clock-25 hour cycle actually, light resets -NT's and Hormones released through day=melatonin, cortisol, adenosine, growth Suprachiasmatic Nucles of Hypo- pacemaker of brain, lesions affect circ rhythms |
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Biological Clocks |
Seen more in animals Pineal Gland-on top of the midbrain in front of cerebellum Secretes melatonin Uses electrical signals Preparing for hibernation, detect lessening of light |
