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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 basic levels of sleep:
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1) Wakefulness
2) Slow-Wave sleep (4 stages) 3) REM 4) Coma |
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At what point would a EEG exhibit a discharge of
High frequency Low amplitude |
During an awake and alert state or REM sleep
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What sort of waves are at a frequency of 8-13/sec and are observed whence eyes are closed?
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alpha waves
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Low frequency, low amplitude waves:
what are they called? what is their rate? and what stage are they observed in? |
-Theta waves
-4-7/sec -Stage 1 (slow wave sleep |
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When is cortical firing coordinated rather than acting individually?
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during sleep
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What are sleep spindles and in what stage are they observed?
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Intermittent, higher amplitude higher frequency alpha waves
Stage II |
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Slow waves of increasing amplitude with frequency (<5/sec) and what stage are they present?
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Delta waves
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at what stage of sleep is bruxism common?
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REM
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how much of an adult's sleeping cycle is spent in the REM stage?
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15-20%
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how much of an infants sleeping cycle is spent in the REM stage?
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50%
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Low serotonin levels resemble what phenomenon of sleep?
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dreaming
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What is a serotonergic transmission source in the brain that stimulates the early stages of sleep?
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Dorsal Raphe nucleus
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During REM sleep what regions of the brain are most active and slowed?
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Locus Coerulus - active firing
Dorsal Raphe nucleus - low activity |
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What is the transmission of the Locus Coerulus?
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Noradrenergic
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High Norepinephrine
Low Serotonin |
REM
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What drug inhibits the Dorsal Raphe nucleus?
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LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
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What region is important in arousal from sleep?
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Reticular Formation of RAS (Reticular Activating System)
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what is demonstrated as the relay center for the midbrain --> cortex that can produce Theta waves
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NST (Non-Specific Thalamic Nuclei)
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Lesion to the brainstem reticular formation results in?
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Delta wave production blocking any arousal sensory input.
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The inability to wake naturally by arousal is called?
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Coma
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What neurons comprise the RAS and thus lead to sensitization for arousal?
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Gigantocellular and Tegmental fields
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So the 3 consecutive regions for arousal out of sleep are?
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RAS
NST Cortex |
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what kind of mechanism is seen to amplify the sensitizing of the cortex to awake by stimulus from the lower regions?
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Positive Feedback
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Damage to the RAS would resutl in?
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a Coma
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what is an important Dopamine source in the brain involved with arousal?
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Substantia Nigra
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What part of Hypothalamus might be involved with sleep arousal?
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Pineal gland
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What region is involved in focusing the body to do one thing by stimulating the NST to convey this in the cortex?
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Pontine Reticular Formation
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The neurons of the ____ _____ inhibit RAS by Dorsal Raphe nucleus stimulation and cause one to fall asleep.
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Area Prostrema
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_________ is sleep walking that is observed in 1-6% of the population and is seen in what stages of sleep____?
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Sonambulism
3/4 |
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A severe nightmare occuring during Stage 4 sleep for 1-2 min?
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Night Terrors
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What is an example of Sleep apnea in children?
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SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)
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A sudden sleep attack accompanied by:
cataplexy sleep paralysis hypnogogic hallucinations |
Narcolepsy
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