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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CONVENTIONAL LIGHTING REVIEW
Conventional fixtures use what type of lamp? |
Incandescent
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What does PAR stand for?
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Parabolic Aluminum Reflector
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What are 2 standard PAR sizes?
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Par 64 & 56
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What are the four different lens types a par can have?
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UNSP, NSP, MFL, & WFL
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How many pars are on a standard Par Bar?
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6
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What does ERS stand for?
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Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight
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What is a Field Angle?
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The angle at which the light spreads when leaving the fixture.
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What is a Fresnel used for?
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Soft wash
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Where do we Tie In to the power in a venue?
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Disconnect
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What is a Feeder Tail (aka “Pig Tail)
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Camloks to bare wire
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What are 2 standard sizes for feeder cable?
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2-0 & 4-0
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Single Phase power has ________ wires, and they are:
o __________ Green o __________ White o __________ Black o __________ Red |
4 wires
Ground - Green Neutral - White Hots - Black and Red |
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In a single phase system, the hot legs are ________ degrees out of phase with each other.
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180 degrees
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Three Phase Power has _________ wires, and they are:
o __________ Green o __________ White o __________ Black o __________ Red o __________ Blue |
5 wires
Ground - Green Neutral - White Hots - Black, Red, and Blue |
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In a three phase power system, the hot legs are _______degrees out of phase with each other.
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208 degrees
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In a conventional lighting system, the power from the main disconnect is fed into the __________.
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Dimmer
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If a dimmer rack is 48 X 2.4K, there are ______ dimmers in the rack, and each dimmer can handle ________ watts.
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48 dimmers, 2400 watts
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Socapex is a brand name of cable. Standard Socapex carries _____ circuits, and the Socapex connector has ______ pins.
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6 circuits
19 pins |
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What type of cable do you connect to the end of a socapex cable, to take the 6 circuits out to individual connectors?
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Fanout
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DMX stands for what?
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Digital Multiplexing
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How many channels exist in one universe of DMX?
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512
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How many steps exist in one channel of DMX?
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256 steps (0 - 255)
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What gender of 5 pin XLR connector would be found on a Console DMX Output?
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Female
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How many DMX devices may be chained together on one un-split line?
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32
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What piece of gear that takes one universe of dmx in, and makes multiple copies of that universe to output?
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DMX Splitter
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What does a terminator do?
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Minimize DMX Reflections
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What gender is the XLR used to make a terminator?
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Male XLR
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What type of resistor is used to make a terminator?
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120 Ohm, 1/4 watt
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What 2 pins should the resistor be wired between when making a terminator?
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Between pins 1 & 2
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CH 2 THE FOUNDATION OF THE AUTOMATED LIGHTING INDUSTRY
1. What year was Edmund Sohlberg of Kansas City issued a patent for a remote- controlled spotlight? |
a
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2. Who is credited with a patent that demonstrates the earliest use of electric motors for motorizing the pan and tilt functions of a luminaire?
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a
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3. What movie production used a remotely operated lighting fixture built by Century Lighting, in conjunction with Paramount Pictures?
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a
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4. In 1965, who developed a remote controlled par type fixture for a production of “Peter Pan”?
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a
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5. Who was the lighting designer who used projectors, with mirrors attached at the end of the lens, to move light around on a stage for early Pink Floyd shows?
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a
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6. What was the name of the fixture designed for and used by the touring production for the band “Grand Funk Railroad”.
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a
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7. In what year did the company ShowCo begin work on a color changing par fixture?
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a
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8. What was the name of the prototype moving fixture built by Vari*Lite?
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Vari*lite VL-1
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9. How many Vari*Lite fixtures were used on the Genesis “Abacab” tour?
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a
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10. In 1981, in what city did the Genesis “Abacab” tour start?
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Barcelona Spain
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11. What was the name of the French company that designed the Telescan fixture?
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a
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12. What company developed the “Pana-Spot” fixture?
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a
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13. What company developed the first moving yoke fixture that used the DMX-512 data protocol?
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a
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14. Who was the lighting designer that used the High End Systems Intellabeam on the Dire Straits’ 1990-1991 “On Every Street” tour?
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a
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15. What was the first line of products that Martin company produced?
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a
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16. What company introduced the Icon M fixture?
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a
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17. What year did High End Systems introduce the Catalyst Media Server?
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a
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CH 3 AUTOMATED LIGHTING SYSTEMS
1. Name 5 common elements found in all automated lighting systems. |
a
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2. What is a normal size for light duty truss?
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a
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3. What is a normal size for medium duty truss?
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a
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4. What is a normal size for heavy duty truss?
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a
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5. What is the standard type of pipe that is used as a batten in the United States?
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a
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6. What is the job of a power distribution system?
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a
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7. What are the colors codes for the following cable in a 3phase system?
USA New European ____________________ GROUND ____________________ ____________________ NEUTRAL ____________________ ____________________ PHASE 1 ____________________ ____________________ PHASE 2 ____________________ ____________________ PHASE 3 ____________________ |
a
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8. What does a distribution panel do?
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a
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9. What can make a thermal circuit breaker trip sooner than it should?
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a
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10. How does a magnetic circuit breaker measure current flow?
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a
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11. What is the maximum current interrupt rating for a breaker that is used in conjunction with 14 AWG circuits?
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a
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12. What is the maximum current interrupt rating for a breaker that is used in conjunction with 12 AWG circuits?
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a
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13. What is the maximum current interrupt rating for a breaker that is used in conjunction with 10 AWG circuits?
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a
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14. What is the definition of a branch circuit?
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a
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15. What 2 things (dealing with the cable) can cause the voltage to drop in a branch circuit?
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a
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16. What is the name of the set of codes and standards governing the installation and operation of electrical equipment in the United States?
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a
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17. When was this set of codes first written?
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a
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18. What is different between data grade cables and microphone cables?
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a
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19. What does ACN stand for?
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a
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20. What are the two main functions of the electrical system in an automated light?
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a
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21. What is the primary function of the electronics system?
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a
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22. What does the electromechanical system do?
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a
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23. What is the mechanical system made up of?
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a
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24. Name seven things that can be found in the optical system.
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a
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INTRO TO THE GRAND MA
• Who makes the MA series of consoles? |
MA Lighting
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• What style of MA console do we use in the programming lab?
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Fullsize Light
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• How many touchscreens does the Ultra-Light have?
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1
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• How many touchscreens does the Grand MA Fullsize have?
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3
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• How many DMX outputs does the Ultra-Light have?
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2 Universes
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• How many DMX outputs does the Grand MA Fullsize have?
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4 Universes
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• How many Executor Faders does the Ultra-Light have?
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10 manual
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• How many Executor Faders does the Grand MA Fullsize have?
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20 motorized
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• How many Executor Buttons does the Ultra-Light have?
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20
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• How many Executor Buttons does the Grand MA Fullsize have?
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40
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• Name 2 other differences between the Grand MA Fullsize and the Ultra-Light.
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The Grand MA has the keyboard built in and the GMA has 3 touchscreens while the UL has 1
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• When you power on the ma consoles, what show loads into the desk?
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The last show loaded
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• To load or save a show on the MA consoles, the first button you need to press is the ___________ button.
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Backup
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• Name 2 places a show can be stored to when created on the MA console.
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USB key
Hard Drive File Server Floppy Disk |
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• When you want to create a new show on the ma console, you load a show with a ______ name.
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new
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• To change console default settings, or to begin patching your show, the first button on you need to press is the _________ button.
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setup
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• Grand MA calls moving lights __________, and calls dimmers ___________.
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fixtures, channels
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• On the Grand MA, this type of window shows you information.
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Sheet (in spread sheet form)
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• On the Grand MA, this type of window is where different things get stored on the console.
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pools
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• On the Grand MA, this type of window deals with parameters of a fixture.
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Presets
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• On the Grand MA, this is the type of window which is useful, yet doesn’t fall into a normal category.
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Other
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• When a fixture is selected, the name of the fixture turns to what color in the fixture sheet?
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Yellow
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AUTOMATED LIGHTING SYSTEMS
• What company introduced the first modern day automated light? |
Verilight VL-1, debuted in September of 1981
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• Who was the first band to tour with automated lights, and in what year?
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Genesis, Abacab Tour, September 1981
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• What are the two main types of automated lights (based on how they actually move)?
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Moving Head
Moving Mirror |
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• What is 1 benefit of a moving head fixture?
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It has a greater range of motion.
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• What is 1 drawback of a moving head fixture?
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They move slower
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• What kind of lamps do most automated lights use?
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Arc Lamps
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• How does an arc lamp work?
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Creates light by causing arc voltage between 2 leads, voltage exits the gas contained within the lamp to create light and heat
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• Why can’t you test continuity of an arc lamp to see if it’s functioning?
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Because there should be no continuity in the lamp
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• How do you dim an automated light that uses an arc lamp?
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Dim the output of the fixture not the lamp itself
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• What type of color filters do automated lights use?
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Dichroic Filters
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Primary Colors
Secondary Colors RED GREEN BLUE CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW • The compliment of Red is __________? • The compliment of Magenta is__________? • The compliment of Yellow is__________? The compliment of Cyan is _________? |
Cyan - Red (is created from Green & Blue)
Magenta - Green (Red & Blue) Yellow - Blue (Red & Green) |
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• Where do automated lights get their power from?
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The moving light power distribution box
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• What are the two power voltages that we commonly use for automated lights in the U.S.A.?
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120 V, 60 Hz
Both Hot Legs 208 |
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• The moving light distro in Full Sail Live Main Hall is wired to output _________volts, which means that instead of 6 hot lines, 6 neutrals, and 6 grounds, it outputs ___ hot lines, ___neutrals, and ___grounds.
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208 volts,
12 hot lines, 0 neutrals, 6 grounds |
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• How do we connect data cables throughout an automated lights system?
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Daisy Chain
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• If an automated light is patched to DMX address 1, and it takes up 14 channels of DMX, what is your next available DMX start address?
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15
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• What are the three “Special” commands that most automated lights have?
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Reset
Lamp Out Lamp Off |
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• On most Martin fixtures, what channel are these 3 “special” commands found?
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Shutter under the Strobe Channel
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GRAND MA THEORY & PROGRAMMING
• Name 3 ways of selecting fixtures on the Grand MA console. |
Touch it
Number key pad Click on it |
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• Name 3 ways of adjusting control channels on the Grand MA console.
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Touch on spread sheets
Parameter Group Pop up box |
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• What button must you press to store a cue?
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STORE
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• When you store a cue, what values get stored?
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Active Values (Red)
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• What color are the cells that contain the active values in the fixture sheet?
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Red
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• When you store a sequence to a fader, where does that information actually get stored?
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Sequence Pool
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• If you want to name a sequence, in what screen do you name it?
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Editor Window, Edit Cue?
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• What button do you use to change the function of a button or fader on an executor?
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Assign
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• By default, what does the Top button on every executor fader do?
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Off
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• By default, what does the Middle button on every executor fader do?
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Go
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• By default, what does the Bottom button on every executor do?
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On
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• By default, what does the button on an executor button do?
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Go
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• How do you turn off an executor button?
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By selecting off then pressing the executor button
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• What does the “Highlight” button do?
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Removes color information and brings the fixture to full (for the purpose of editing a light or lights in a cue)
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• Once you select a group of fixtures, what button can you press to toggle forward through that group?
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Right Arrow
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• Once you select a group of fixtures, what button can you press to toggle backwards through that group?
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Left Arrow
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• Once you have toggled through a group, what button can you press to re-assert your original group selection?
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Get
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• When you store a Position preset, what are you actually storing?
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DMX values
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• When you store a Color preset, what are you actually storing?
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DMX values
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CH 15 DMX-512
1. What does USITT stand for? |
United States Institute for Theater Technology
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2. On a fully loaded universe of data, how many updates can be sent to each of the 512 parameters per second?
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44
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3. What two things are clearly defined in the new DMX512-A standard that the prior DMX standard didn’t allow for?
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Bi-directional communication with talk back and dual data lines or universes on one cable
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4. What does RDM stand for?
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Remote Device Management
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5. DMX was adapted from what other standard?
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a
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6. What is characteristic impedance?
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a
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7. What should the characteristic impedance of a dmx data cable be?
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Low capacitance
Twisted pair cable with overall foil and braid shield Will be 24 AWG or larger |
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8. What would a high-capacitance cable do to a dmx signal?
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Square wave
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9. The pin – out for a DMX512 connector is:
Pin 1 ____________________ Pin 2 ____________________ Pin 3 ____________________ Pin 4 ____________________ Pin 5 ____________________ |
Pin 1 - Common
Pin 2 - Data Complement Pin 3 - Data True? Pin 4 - Optimal Sound Data Line Component? Pin 5 - Optimal Data Link True |
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CH 19 MENUING
1. What does “DIP” stand for? |
Dual Inline Package
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2. What are three types of displays found on most automated luminaries manufactured today?
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LCD, LED, & VFD?
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3. What are the two modes that determine how an automated fixture moves?
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Vector and Tracking Modes
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4. When a fixture is in Vector Mode, it only receives two pieces of information from the console. What are the two pieces of information?
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The final ending coordinate and a speed in which to move, or continuous stream of data controlling every step of teh pan and tilt motors along the path to the end point
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5. When dealing with lamp control, what does “DMX Presence” refer to?
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The lamp automatically turns on when it senses the presence of DMX 512 control signal and automatically turns off after a prescribed period
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CH 22 AUTOMATED LIGHTING PROGRAMMING
1. “Once you have a good idea of the parameters of the project, then you should set about gathering all the materials you will need for it.” That includes: (Please list four things) |
a
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2. Name three previsualization programs.
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a
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3. “You can save yourself from considerable agony by adhering to one simple and easy-to-follow rule of programming: ___________________”
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Back up early and often
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4. What is the purpose of using a progressive backup system?
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a
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5. What is the definition of a palette?
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User programmable memory button that stores the value of a parameter of a fixture for later use in programming
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6. What are two other names used to refer to a palette?
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a
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7. What does a blocking cue do?
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Prevents the values of every parameter from tracking through the next cue
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8. What does a mark cue do?
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Setup the light to be ready for the next cue to be executed before it actually is
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9. What is a point cue?
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Cues that need to be inserted between 2 cues in a stack
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10. What does the term “busking” refer to in automated lighting?
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To perform in a public place usually while soliciting money
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CH 25 AUTOMATED LIGHTING IN PRODUCTION
1. Name the four main stumbling blocks that existed for using automated luminaries in theatre. |
Fan noise
Motor noise Color something? Lack of incandescent sources |
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2. In television awards shows, why is the lighting mostly accomplished using just automated lighting?
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Because of the limited pre production time (something) the possibility of manually focusing lights
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3. In houses of worship, lighting is called on to do five key jobs. These jobs are :
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Increased visibility
Focus attention to a certain area Create mood and drama Create ambiance Enhance live music |
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4. What are often the proving ground for young aspiring lighting professionals?
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Night Clubs
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5. What is the IALD?
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Inter(something) Association of Lighting Designers
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6. “Often, your ___________ is more important than your job skills, provided you can do your job sufficiently.”
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personality
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CH 29 THE DIGITAL LIGHTING REVOLUTION
1. Some purists argue that this is the only digital light to date because it has its own light source and DMD engine. |
Video projectors
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2. What is convergence?
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Putting the digital context under the control of the lighting designer programmers and operators
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3. What does a production designer do?
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Is responsible for lighting the set and designing the content
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4. What is an important factor of the perceived brightness of a projected image?
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a
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5. What is a media server?
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Special computer with applicable software designed to store large amounts of graphic files, manipulate them, and serve them to display (something)
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6. Name 4 different media servers.
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Projector
Digital Luminare Video Wall Quasi Video Display |
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7. What is “new” about media servers?
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They aren't new
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8. What does JPEG stand for?
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Joint Photographic Experts Group
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9. What does TIFF stand for?
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Tagged Image File Format
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10. When was the first LED wall introduced?
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1996
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KNOW THIS!!!
The process of the Grand MA |
1. Turn it on
2. Backup Function 3. Fixture Schedule 4. Patching 5. Views 6. Groups 7. Presets 8. Cue/Sequences 9. Timing 10. Playback |
