Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
used by people of high status |
standard dialect
|
|
|
used by people of low status |
nonstandard dialect vernacular variation |
|
|
superior verbal skills highly regarded ...is a characteristic of what dialect? |
AAE |
|
|
touching someones hair is offensive ...is a characteristic of what dialect? |
AAE |
|
|
calling parent/caregiver by first name =disrespect ...is a characteristic of what dialect? |
AAE |
|
|
cultural mistrust affects information acquisition ...is a characteristic of what dialect? |
AAE |
|
|
What are the two regional groups most prominent in HE/LE? |
Puerto Rican / Carribean Mexican/ Central America |
|
|
oral expression is highly regarded ...is a characteristic of what dialect? |
HE LE |
|
|
frequent use of familial terms ...is a characteristic of what dialect? |
HE LE |
|
|
bend > ben is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
final consonant deletion AAE and AE |
|
|
bath > baf, tooth > toof is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
/f/ subbed for voiceless /th/ AAE |
|
|
that > dat, this > dis is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
/d/ subbed for voiced /th/ AAE |
|
|
ball > ba, four > foe is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
semivowels /l/ and /r/ deleted AAE |
|
|
voiced /b/d/g/ is in final position occurs in ______ dialect? |
AAE |
|
|
no /th/z/sh/dg/ sounds occurs in _____ |
HE LE |
|
|
final plosives voiceless occurs in ____ |
HE LE |
|
|
no distinction between /b/ and /v/ occurs in ____ |
HE LE |
|
|
/l/ /r/ present, but produced differently in ____ |
HE LE |
|
|
Which lang. has only 5 vowels and 4 diphthongs? |
HE LE |
|
|
open final vowels occur in _______, except for speakers of ________________ |
AE Korean |
|
|
p-eh-rogram is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
adding a schwa between consonants AE |
|
|
right > rat, boil > bol is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
monophthongization SWE |
|
|
" That Jim car" is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
possession not marked if possessor identified AAE |
|
|
"She talk to me yesterday" is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
zero regular past tense AAE, AE and SWE |
|
|
"They was eating" is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
Diff subj/verb agreement aka "was leveling" AAE and SWE |
|
|
"She a beautiful woman" is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
zero copula AAE and SWE |
|
|
"It be cold in here" is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
aspect, habitual/continual state AAE |
|
|
"The car of Maria" is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
possessive post-noun HE LE |
|
|
"The house white" is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
adjectives follow noun HE LE |
|
|
personal space invasion, lots of touching while talking is common to _____ dialect |
HE LE |
|
|
avoidance of direct eye contact is common to _____ |
HE LE |
|
|
"Three cat" is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
regular plural by number AE |
|
|
"You are going home?" is an example of _______, found in ______ dialect |
non-reversal interrogatives AE |
|
|
What are the most significant factors in learning a second language? |
1 Attitude 2 Need to acquire |
|
|
What are the three components of language? |
form context use |
|
|
What is included in form? |
Syntax Morphology Phonology |
|
|
What is included in context? |
semantics |
|
|
What is included in use? |
pragmatics |
|
|
smallest unit of meaning in a word |
morpheme |
|
|
attached to a free morpheme |
bound morpheme |
|
|
prefix or suffix that changes the part of speech |
derivational morpheme |
|
|
suffix only, adds specificity |
inflectional morpheme |
|
|
The Cognitive/Semantic Model... emphasizes? |
innate abilities cognition rather than language |
|
|
The Cognitive/Semantic Model... argues language and cognition _____________ before first words |
parallel |
|
|
a cognitive skill which lays the foundation for related lang skills |
cognitive precursor |
|
|
mental representation of absent objects |
object permanence |
|
|
how to achieve a goal |
means-end behavior |
|
|
ability for one thing to represent another |
symbolic play |
|
|
Why is play ideal for language acquisition |
frustration attention rules turn-taking FART |
|
|
the spot between what you can do alone and with help |
zone of proximal development |
|
|
child shaped by the knowledge of a tutor |
MKO - more knowledgeable other |
|
|
Piagets 4 stages of cognitive development |
Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operations Formal Operations |
|
|
Piaget's stage from birth -2 years |
sensorimotor |
|
|
Piaget's stage from 2-7 yrs |
preoperational thought |
|
|
Piaget's stage from 7-11 yrs |
Concrete operational |
|
|
Piaget's stage from 11-15 yrs |
formal operations |
|
|
Piaget's stage: recognizes things outside of self, develops obj. permanence, represents reality |
sensorimotor |
|
|
Piaget's stage: symbolic fuction matures, primitive reasoning, always asking why ?s |
preoperational thought |
|
|
Piaget's stage: physical/logical problem solving, 2nd order categorization, some abstract thinking |
concrete operations |
|
|
Piaget's stage: mature abstract thinking, solve problems mentally, form/test hypothesis |
formal operations |
|
|
T/F: cognition precedes language |
true |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production from: birth -2 months |
birth - 2 months |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production from: 2-4 months |
Cooing/Laughter |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production from: 4-6 months |
Vocal Play |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production from: 6-10 months |
Canonical Babbling |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production from: ~10+ months |
Jargon |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production feature: reflexive/vegetative sounds, /eh/, vocal cavity is mostly tongue, limited range |
birth -2 months |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production feature: cooing, /k/ and /g/ sounds, back vowels, more laughter |
Cooing/Laughter 2-4 mos |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production feature: experimenting, squeals, sustained raspberries, trills, gaining control of articulators |
Vocal Play 4-6 mos |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production feature: babbling sounds, adult like sequences, reduplicated and variegated |
Canonical Babbling 6-10 mos |
|
|
Stage of Pre-Linguistic Production feature: overlaps w/ meaningful speech, strings sounds w/ patterns, uses eye contact and gestures |
Jargon ~10+ month |
|
|
semantically related comment |
extension |
|
|
more appropriate repetition |
expansion |
|
|
use of the verb 'to be' to convey habitual or continual state |
aspect |
|
|
variation that only affects speech/pronounciation |
accent |
|
|
when a non-dominant language begins accepting some terms from the dominant |
pidgin language |
|
|
when the pidgin becomes the primary for non-dominant speakers |
creole |
|
|
possibly due to mixed input of languages |
semilingualism |
|
|
equal proficiency in two languages |
balanced bilingualism |
|
|
greater proficiency in one language than another |
non-balanced bilingualism |
|
|
how good you are at getting your message across |
communicative competence |
|
|
how good you are at using a systems components |
linguistic competence |
|
|
how good you are at knowing how/when/which language to use in a social setting |
pragmatic competence |
|
|
cries, coughs, involuntary grunts |
reflexive |
|
|
cooing, jargon, babbling, non-automatic |
non-reflexive |
|
|
"nobody don't got none" is an example of_______ from ____ dialect |
triple negative AAE |
|
|
Many rules in AAE have to do with.... |
redundancy |
|
|
largest ethnic population in US |
hispanic/latino |
|
|
Which Asian language has most sign. influence on AE? |
Mandarin chinese |
|
|
How many regional dialects in US? |
10 |
|
|
switching from one language to another |
code switching |
|
|
variation from formal to informal |
style shifting |
|
|
situational/contextual variations within a speaker |
registers |
|
|
largest dialect group |
AAE |
|
|
People from ______ class groups use more restricted systems |
lower |
|
|
People from _____ class groups tend to be closer to the standard dialect |
high |
|
|
Degree/frequency to which an individual uses dialectal features |
density |
