Skull,face,spine,thorax Joints/muscles

Front 1

3 joints of the neurocranium

Back 1

coronal suture, lamboidal suture, sagittal suture

Front 2

only moveable joints of the skull

Back 2

temporomandibular joints, hinge joints

Front 3

3 ligaments that assist the movement of the TMJ

Back 3

sphenomandibular, stylomandibular, and lateral ligament

Front 4

atlas and axis are held together by the ________ ligament

Back 4

transverse

Front 5

Joints of the vertebral bodies are

Back 5

symphysis

Front 6

joints of the vertebral arches are

Back 6

zygoapophysial and synovial

Front 7

tough outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage in the joint of the vertebral body

Back 7

annulus fibrosis

Front 8

inner soft highly elastic structure inside the annulus fibrosis

Back 8

nucleus pulposus

Front 9

what is the purpose of the annulus fibrosis and the nucleus pulposus?

Back 9

the annulus fibrosis distributes forces while the nucleus pulposis absorbs the shock

Front 10

only ligament that restricts extension of the spine

Back 10

anterior longitudinal ligament

Front 11

ligament that runs along the body and is still anterior to the spinal chord, very thin so it doesn't do a whole lot to prevent flexion

Back 11

posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 12

ligament that runs directly posterior to the spinal chord and anterior to the vertebral arch, helps prevent mobility

Back 12

ligamentum flavum

Front 13

ligament on the vertebral arch between the ligamentum flavum and the supraspinous ligament

Back 13

interspinous ligament

Front 14

ligament that runs from each transverse processes

Back 14

intertransverse ligament

Front 15

supraspinous ligament in the neck, runs from occipital protuberance to C7

Back 15

nuchal ligament

Front 16

comes off the spinal process and blends together, making a soft tissue, very important attachment part for many muscles, only exists in the cervical spine, supports whiplash and primary strength for the excessive flexion forward

Back 16

ligamentum nuchae

Front 17

Four muscles of mastication

Back 17

temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

Front 18

PA: temporal line
DA: cornoid process of mandible
A: elevate/retract
N: trigeminal Nerve

Back 18

temporalis

Front 19

PA: zygomatic arch
DA: lateral angle/ramus of the mandible
A: elevate/protract
N: trigeminal Nerve

Back 19

masseter

Front 20

PA: sphenoid greater wing and lateral pterygoid plate
DA: condyle of the mandible/TMJ
A: protract/depress, side to side movement
N: trigemminal nerve

Back 20

lateral pterygoid

Front 21

PA: maxilla/lateral pterygoid plate
DA: medial angle/ramus of the mandible
A: elevate/protract; side to side
N: trigemminal nerve

Back 21

medial pterygoid

Front 22

sphincter for digestive tract, articulation of the mouth and lips

Back 22

orbicularis oris

Front 23

smile, taught cheek when eating

Back 23

buccinator

Front 24

smile and sneer the lips

Back 24

zygomaticus

Front 25

flares the nostrils

Back 25

nasalis

Front 26

closes the eyelids

Back 26

orbicularis oculi

Front 27

elevate eyebrows and forehead

Back 27

frontalis

Front 28

nerve that innervates all muscles of the face

Back 28

facial nerve

Front 29

retracts scalp to increase tension, located on the back of the head

Back 29

occipitalis

Front 30

PA: fascia over pectoralis major and deltoid
DA: mandible of pectoralis major and deltoid
A: assists in depression of the mandible, draw down corner of the mouth
innervation: facial nerve

Back 30

platysma

Front 31

PA: sternal head and clavicular head
DA: mastoid process
Innervation: accessory nerve

Back 31

sternocleidomastoid

Front 32

Action alone of the sternocleidomastoid

Back 32

lateral flexion of the head and neck, rotation of the head and neck

Front 33

action together of the sternocleidomastoid

Back 33

flexion of the neck, assists in elevation of the rib cage during inhalation

Front 34

PA: mastoid process, C1-3 transverse processes
DA: nuchal ligament and process C7-T6
Innervation: Dorsal rami

Back 34

splenius capitis

Front 35

Action alone of the splenius capitis

Back 35

laterally flex head and neck, rotate head and neck

Front 36

action of both sides of the splenius capitis

Back 36

extend the head and neck

Front 37

Three types of scalene muscles

Back 37

anterior, middle, posterior

Front 38

PA: C3-6 transverse processes
DA: fist and second rib
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

Back 38

scalene muscles

Front 39

action alone of the scalene muscles

Back 39

laterally flex the head and neck

Front 40

action together of the scalene muscles

Back 40

elevate the ribs, flex the head and neck

Front 41

flat triangular muscle that covers the back of the neck, shoulders, and thorax

Back 41

trapezius

Front 42

three superficial/extrinsic muscles of the back

Back 42

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, teres major

Front 43

________ muscles do the most movement of the back

Back 43

superficial

Front 44

_________ muscles stabilize the back

Back 44

deep/intrinsic

Front 45

_________ muscles of the back help move AND stabilize but are more deep

Back 45

erector spinae

Front 46

three superficial 2nd layer (extrinsic) muscles of the back

Back 46

levator scapula, serratus posterior, rhomboids

Front 47

upper movement of the trapezius

Back 47

rotation and elevation of the scapula

Front 48

middle movement of the trapezius

Back 48

retract the shoulder blades

Front 49

lower movement of the trapezius

Back 49

adduct and depress the scapula

Front 50

large muscle in the back attached to the pelvic girdle and vertebral column

Back 50

latissimus dorsi

Front 51

PA: C1-C4 transverse processes
DA: vertebral border of scapula
Action: elevation of scapula, downward rotation

Back 51

levator scapula

Front 52

PA: C7 and T1 spinous processes
DA: spine of scapula
Action: retraction, downward rotation

Back 52

rhomboid minor

Front 53

PA: T2-T5 spinous processes
DA: vertebral border of the scapula
Action: retraction, downward rotation

Back 53

rhomboid major

Front 54

PA: C7-T2 spinous processes
DA: superior borders of ribs 2-5
Action: raises ribs to increase thoracic cavity during inspiration

Back 54

serratus posterior superior

Front 55

PA: T11-T12 and L1-L3 spinous processes
DA: inferior borders of the last 4 ribs
Action: draws ribs outward and downward during expiration

Back 55

serratus posterior inferior

Front 56

three parts to the erector spinae

Back 56

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Front 57

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis are parts of the ___________

Back 57

erector spinae

Front 58

PA: run superolateral to angle of lower ribs, one branch attaches to temporal bone and C4
DA: bottom of back

Back 58

iliocostalis of the erector spinae

Front 59

Innervation of the three parts of the erector spinae

Back 59

dorsal rami

Front 60

PA: run superior to ribs between tubercles and angle/mastoid
DA: bottom of back

Back 60

longissimus of the erector spinae

Front 61

PA: run superior to Spine
DA: bottom of back

Back 61

spinalis

Front 62

action alone of the erector spinae

Back 62

laterally flex the vertebral column

Front 63

action together of the erector spinae

Back 63

extend the vertebral column

Front 64

three types of transversospanalis muscles

Back 64

semspinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Front 65

Action of transversospinalis muscles alone

Back 65

rotate the vertebral column

Front 66

action of transversospinalis muscles together

Back 66

extend the vertebral column

Front 67

most rotation of the spine comes from the ____________ region

Back 67

thoracic

Front 68

spans to the cranium, most superficial of the deep layer muscles of the back
spans 4-6 segments to occipital bone and SP

Back 68

semispinalis

Front 69

short, triangular bundles
PA: inferior vertebrae
DA: spans 2-4 segments to SP
thickest in lumbar region
stabilizer

Back 69

multifidus

Front 70

lie deep to multifidi
PA: TP
DA: spans 1-2 segments to SP or junction with TP/laminae
thickest in thoracic region

Back 70

rotatores

Front 71

multifidus are thickest in _________ region

Back 71

lumbar

Front 72

rotatores are thickest in __________ region

Back 72

thoracic

Front 73

semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores run in which direction?

Back 73

superomedial

Front 74

PA: cartilage of T7-T12 and xiphoid process
DA: pubic crest/symphysis
Action: trunk flexion, lateral flexion

Back 74

rectus abdominus

Front 75

white line on the rectus abdominus that supplies nerves to the skin

Back 75

linea alba

Front 76

continuation from the aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
encloses rectus abdominus
nerves, veins, lymphatic system, and arteries run through this

Back 76

rectus sheath

Front 77

PA: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
DA: Iliac crest

Back 77

external oblique abdominus

Front 78

Action alone of the external oblique abdominus

Back 78

laterally flex the trunk and rotate the trunk away

Front 79

action together of the external oblique abdominus

Back 79

flex the trunk downward

Front 80

PA: thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest
DA: costochondral cartilage and linea alba

Back 80

internal oblique abdominus

Front 81

action alone of the internal oblique abdominus

Back 81

laterally flex and rotate trunk into the same side

Front 82

action together of the internal oblique abdominus

Back 82

flex the trunk

Front 83

PA: thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilage, iliac crest
DA: linea alba
Action: increase intraabdominal pressure and compresses abdominal contents, no action on the trunk

Back 83

transverse abdominus

Front 84

Deepest muscle of the abdomen
PA: last rib and transverse processes of L1-L4
DA: posterior iliac crest

Back 84

Quadratus lumborum

Front 85

Action alone of the quadratus lumborum

Back 85

laterally tilt the pelvis "hip hike"
laterally flex vertebral column

Front 86

Action together of the Quadratus lumborum

Back 86

fix 12th rib during forced inhalation and exhalation

Front 87

separates the upper and lower thoracic cavities
PA: muscle fibers attach to the inner surface of the ribs and lumbar vertebrae
DA: central tendon

Back 87

Diaphragm

Front 88

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

Back 88

muscle fibers contract and pull the central tendon inferiorly, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity

Front 89

what happens to the diaphragm during expiration

Back 89

relaxes, bringing the central tendon back to the superior position