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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cranial bones |
- Frontal - Parietal - Temporal - Occipital - Spenoid - Ethmoid |
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Facial bones |
- Nasal - Zygomatic - Maxilla - Mandible - Lacrimal - Vomer - Palatine - Inferior choncha |
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Anterior view (Openings) |
- Orbital apertures - Anterior nasal aperture (Piriform): Lower border of nasal bones & Maxilla - Supraorbital notch/foramen: Upper orbital magin, related to frontal bone - Infraorbital foramen: Lower orbital margin, related to maxilla - Mental foramen: Mandible, below premolar apices - Nasal cavity: divided by nasal septum |
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Anterior view (Elevations) |
- Supraorbital margin - Superciliary arch: Medial smooth elevation, forms eyebrow ridge - Glabella: Elevation above bridge of nose |
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Anterior view (Bones) |
- Squamous part of frontal bone - Nasal bones (form bridge) - Facial surface of zygomatic bone: Prominence of cheek and lateral wall of orbit - Maxillary bones - Mandible - Inferior concha - Vomer |
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Superior view (Bones) |
- Frontal bone - Parietal bones - Occipital bone |
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Superior view (Sutures) |
- Metopic (frontal): between frontal bones - Coronal: between frontal and parietal bones - Sagittal: between parietal bones - Lambdoid: between parietal and occipital bones - Bregma: Junction of coronal and sagittal (A. fontanelle) - Lambda: junction of sagittal and lambdoid (P. fontanelle) |
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Lateral view (Bones) |
- Frontal bone - Parietal bone - Occipital bone - Nasal bone - Squamous part & zygomatic process of temporal bone process - Greater wing of sphenoid - Facial surface and temporal process of zygomatic bone - Lacrimal bone - Maxilla - Mandible |
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Lateral view (Landmarks) |
- Temporal lines - Pterion - TMJ: Articulate mandible and temporal - EAM: bony canal to middle ear - Mastoid process: bony prominence behind EAM - Styloid process: slender projection downwards - Zygomatic arch: Articulation of zygomatic and temporal bones |
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Posterior view (Bones & Landmarks) |
Bones: - Squamous part of occipital bone - Parietal bones Landmarks: - Lambdoid suture - EOC - EOP - Nuchal lines |
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Inferior view (Bones) |
- Palatine process of maxilla - Horizontal plate of palatine bone - Sphenoid bone: Infratemporal surface of greater wing, body, pterygoid processes - Temporal bone: Squamous, petrous, tympanic plate, mastoid, styloid - Occipital bone: Squamous, condylar, basillar - Vomer |
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Frontal bone (Squamous part) |
External: - Convex: Supraorbital margin, foramen/notch, superciliary arch, glabella and frontal prominence (rounded elevation 3cm above SOM, in young) Lateral: - Zygomatic process of frontal Internal: - Concave with midline frontal crest |
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Frontal bone (Orbital part) |
-Two horizontal plates - Form roof of orbit and floor of anterior cranial fossa - Meet squamous part at supraorbital margin - Separated by ethmoidal notch - Articulate with lesser wing posteriorly |
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Frontal bone |
- Between supraorbital margins medially, forms small part of nose roof Articultion: - Nasal bones (nasion) - Lacrimal bone - Frontal process of maxilla Nasal spine: - Small midline downward projection - Articulates with horizontal plate of ethmoid |
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Maxillary bone |
- Two meet at inter maxillary suture (between ANA and central incisors) Form: - Upper jaw - Margin, medial wall and floor of orbit (Lateral of nose) - Roof of mouth and floor of nasal cavity - Surfaces: Orbital, nasal, infratemporal, facial
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Maxillary bone (Processes) |
- Zygomatic: lateral, between facial and infra temporal surface to articulate with zygoma - Frontal: upwards, to articulate with frontal, nasal & lacrimal bones; forms medial wall of orbit, lateral wall and bridge of nose - Palatine: medial, to articulate at median and transverse palatine suture; forms anterior 3/4 hard palate, roof of oral cavity and floor of nasal cavity - Alveolar: downwards, contains sockets for upper teeth roots and ends at maxillary tuberosity |
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Maxillary bone (Landmarks) |
- Incisive fossa:shallow depression above incisors - Canine eminence:bony prominence at canine root - Canine fossa:depression lateral to canine eminence - Anterior nasal spine:median projection in lower margin of ANA - Maxillary tuberosity:rounded bony eminence on infratemporal surface - Posterior alveolar canals:above tuberosity; transmit posterior superior alveolar nerve & vessels to upper molars - Infraorbital groove-canal: groove across orbital to IOF-nerve&vessel |
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Mandible (Parts) |
Body: - Supports lower alveolar process Rami: - Two project upwards from posterior body - Superior border ends in coronoid and condylar processes separated by mandibular notch - Articulate with temporal bone at TMJ |
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Mandible (External landmarks) |
- Mental protuberance: midline prominence near body inferior margin - Mental tubercles: Prominent lateral to protuberance, form the chin - EOL: bony ridge going back and up from tubercle, prominent below last molar and goes to anterior border of ramus - Mental foramen: premolar apices, transmits mental nerve and vessels - Alveolar process: buccal and lingual alveolar plates joint by inter-dental and inter-radicular septa - Angle of mandible: inferior and posterior borders of rams meet |
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Mandible (Internal landmarks) |
- Mylogyoid line: crest below last molar, down and forwards to lower ant. - Sublingual fossa:shallow depression above MHL in premolar region-SLG - Submandibular fossa:bony depression below MHL - SMG - Mylohyoid groove: shallow- runs forwards from ramus into SMF - MHN - Mandibular foramen-canal: centre of ramus, canal below roots-IA N&V - Lingula: thin plate from anterior border of foramen - Temporal crest: faint ridge on medial coronoid, down to last molar- RMF - Mental spines: Inferior to incisors, two superior & inferior- Genial muscle - Digastric fossa: inferior body border around midline - Ant belly digastic |
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Zygomatic bone
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Body: - Lateral surface (facial) - Orbital surface: forms lateral wall and floor of orbit - Temporal surface: forms anterior wall of temporal fossa Processes: Frontal, maxillary & temporal Foramina: - Zygomatico-orbital: orbital surface - zygomatic nerve (V2) - Zygomatico-facial: lateral surface - ZF nerve - Zygomatico-temporal: temporal surface - ZT nerve |
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Sphenoid bone (Body) |
- Cuboidal and hollowed by air sinuses - Sphenoidal crest: median ridge (anterior surface) open on sides to sinuses - Rostrum: median projection (inferior surface), articulates with vomer Articulation: - Anterior: ethmoid (cribriform, vertical & labyrinth) - Posterior: basillar part of occipital bone - Inferior: vomer
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Sphenoid bone (Greater wing) |
- Projects laterally and up from body - Internal (Cerebral): forms part of floor of MCF, and pierced by rotundum, ovale & spinosum. - External (Extracranial): Upper (Temporal) & Lower (IT), and pierced by ovale, spinosum & has spine of sphenoid - Temporal and Infratemporal divided by IT crest - Orbital: lateral wall of orbit |
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Sphenoid bone (Lesser wing) |
- Lateral from upper part of body - Attached to body by two roots - to give optic canal - Gap between greater and lesser is superior orbital fissure Margins: Anterior: articulate with orbital plate of frontal bone Posterior: free, medially - anterior clinoid process |
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Sphenoid bone (Pterygoid processes) |
- Two project down from inferior surface of body; medial and lateral - Pterygoid canal between body and processes - connecting foramen lacerum to pterygopalatine fossa - Posterior boxer of medial has scaphoid fossa (upper end) and pterygoid hamulus (lower end)
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Ethmoid bone (Perpendicular plate) |
- Thin laminae of bone - Forms upper part of the nasal septum Articulation: - Superiorly: Cribriform plate - Anterosuperiorly: Frontal & nasal bone - Anteroinferiorly: Septal cartilage - Posteriosuperiorly: Sphenoidal crest - Posteroinferiorly: Vomer |
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Ethmoid bone (Cribriform plate) |
- Fills ethmoid notch between orbital plates - Forms central part of floor of ACF and roof of nasal cavity - Pierced by foramina to transmit olfactory nerve - Perpendicular plate descends from lower part - Crista galli projects from midline for falx cerebri
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Ethmoid bone (Labyrinths) |
- Two between orbital and nasal cavities Vertical laminae: - The lateral (orbital): Forms part of medial wall of orbit - The medial (nasal): Forms upper lateral wall of nasal cavity, and has bony extensions into nasal cavity - superior and middle concha. - Separated by thin-walled ethmoidal air cells |
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Palatine bone (Horizontal plate) |
- Nasal (Upper) surface: Forms posterior 1/4 of floor of nasal cavity - Palatal (Lower) surface: 1. Forms posterior 1/4 hard palate 2. Articulate at MPS with each other and at TPS with palatine bone 3. Attach soft palate posteriorly and form posterior nasal spine
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Palatine bone (Perpendicular plate) |
- Two surfaces: lateral (maxillary) and medial (nasal) surface - Forms lateral wall of nose posteriorly - Upper border has orbital and sphenoidal process and sphenoidal notch between - When articulated with BOS, notch becomes sphenopalatine foramen
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Palatine bone (Pyramidal process) |
- Projects from posterior part of palatine bone - Fills gap between maxillary tuberostiy and pterygoid plates - Pierced by lesser palatine foramina
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Temporal bone (Squamous part) |
Surfaces: - Temporal (outer): smooth, forms temporal fossa, articulates with temporal process of zygoma and mandible at superior articular surface * TMJ: superior articular surface formed by articular tubercle & anterior part of mandibular fossa - Cerebral (inner): marked by depressions of temporal lobes and MM vessels |
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Temporal bone (Petrous part) |
- Pyramyidal in shape with middle & inner ear cavities - Apex: forms margin of foramen lacerum Surfaces: - External (inferior): pierced by carotid canal and jugular foramen - Internal: two separated by superior border 1. Anterior: Forms posterior boundary of MCF with trigeminal impression near apex for trigeminal ganglion 2. Posterior: Forms anterior border of PCF with IAM, JF and GSS laterally. |
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Temporal bone (Tympanic plate, Mastoid & Styloid processes) |
Tympanic plate: - Semicircle plate of bone - Forms anterior, inferior and posterior boundaries of EAM - Forms posterior boundary of mandibular fossa Mastoid process: - Attaches sternocleidomastoid muscle - Notch attach post. belly Digastric Styloid process: Attaches styloid ligament and muscle |
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Occipital bone |
Squamous: - Behind and above foramen magnum - External: EOP, EOC, NL - Internal: 2 cerebral & cerebellar fossae, IOP, GSSS upwards, laterally GTS Condylar (Atlanto-occipital joint): - Lateral to foramen magnum with HC, CC and jugular process Basillar: - In front of foramen magnum and articulate with BOS, Petrous and has pharyngeal tubercle |
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Nasal bone |
- Form bridge of nose Articulation: - Upper: nasal part of frontal bone - Lower: forms upper boundary of anterior nasal aperture - Lateral: frontal process of maxilla - Medial: meets other, perpendicular plate of ethos and septal cartilage |
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Lacrimal bone |
- Small, thin and rectangular Articultion: - Anterior: frontal process of maxilla - Posterior: orbital plate of ethmoid - Superior: frontal bone - Inferior: maxilla Surfaces: - Medial: lateral wall of nose anteriorly - Lateral: divided by posterior lacrimal crest (fossa-sac), forms medial wall of orbit |
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Parietal bone |
- Forms bulk of vault Surfaces: - External: convex with parietal eminence & temporal lines and pierced by parietal foramen - Internal: concave with grooves for MM vessels |
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Vomer |
- Single thin plate of bone - Forms postero-inferior part of nasal septum Articulation: - Superior: sphenoid bone - Inferior: hard palate - Antero-superior: perpendicular plate of ethmoid - Antero-inferior: septal cartilage - Posterior: free |
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Inferior concha |
- Curved plate of bone - Attached to lateral wall of nose Borders: - Upper: articulates with frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, ethmoid, perpendicular plate of palatine bone - Lower: free |
