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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Skinner's Theory called?
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Operant Conditioning
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Describe the term Operant Conditioning.
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Learning through the consequence of action. Learning to repeat actions which have a reinforcing or strengthening outcome. In other words people learn to repeat actions which have previously felt good or are associated with 'feeling better'.
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What does reinforcement mean?
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To make something stronger. A reinforcer is anything that makes behaviour stronger.
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What is positive reinforcement?
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Involves 'feeling good'. A 'nice' outcome that creates pleasure will strengthen your behaviour.
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What is negative reinforcement?
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Involves a bad situation coming to an end - so that you feel better. Behaviour that results in an outcome of 'feeling better' will be strengthened or reinforced.
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What is punishment?
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Involves 'feeling bad'. Your behaviour results in an outcome that is experienced as being unpleasant. Unpleasant outcomes may inhobit or block a responce. Punishment outcomes will inhibit or weaken a behaviour.
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What is positive punishement?
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This is where you add something unpleasant to weaken a behaviour.
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What is negative punishment?
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This is when you take away something pleasant to weaken a behaviour.
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What is behaviour shaping?
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Staring at a low criteria and gradually increasing your criteria until you reach you target behaviour. Breaking down behaviour into small steps so that you can create a new behaviour. E.g. giving an infant rewards of attention for babbling will shape a childs language development.
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What is generalisation in Skinner's Theory?
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A behaviour may be performed in more than one situation e.g. a child saying please when they want something due to them being rewarded for saying it before.
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What is discrimination in Skinner's Theory?
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Learning that a behaviour will be reward in one situation but not another e.g. children will be rewarded when greeting friends and family but not strangers.
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What is extinciton in Skinner's theory?
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The elimination of behaviour by stopping reinforcement of the behaviour. For example, children who are not reinforced consistently will end up extinguishing their behaviours. (Important to reinforce behaviour consistenly).
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