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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Skin Hair and Nails are considered the _____ system
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Integumentary System
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Three layers of skin
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Epidermis-thin/tough
Dermis-conctv tiss or collagen Subcut layer: adipose tissue |
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Hair is:
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threads of keratin; fine vellus and thicker terminal
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Nails are:
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hard plates of keratin
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Benign Pigmented areas: Freckles
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small flat macules of brown melanin pigment that occur on sun exposed areas
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Benign Pigmented areas: Mole
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(nevus) melanocytes, tan to brown color, flat or raised. Symmetrical small, smooth, even pigment
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Benign Pigmented areas: Mole-Junctional Nevus
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macular only occuring in children and adolescent
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Benign Pigmented areas: Mole-compound Nevi
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macular and papular found in adolescents
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Benign Pigmented areas: Birthmarks
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may be tan to brown in color
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Danger signs of pigmented lesions
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A-asymmetry
B-border irregular C-color varia: brwn,blue,red D-diameter > 6mm E-elevation and enlargement |
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Widespread color change: Pallor
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White
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Widespread color change: Erythema
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Red (fever or localized inflammation)
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Widespread color change: cyanosis
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Blue (poor perfusion)
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Widespread color change: Jaundice
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Yellow (bilirubin in blood deposited in eyes and skin)
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If dark skinned, check for color changes in:
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tongue,buccal mucosa,palpebral conjuctiva
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Vitiligo
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White patches
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ecchymosis
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bruise. ask the age of the injury
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Palpation Components
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Temp: use dorsa of hands
Moisture: dry Texture: smooth and firm Thickness |
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Thin shiny skin occurs with:
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arterial insufficiency
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Diaphoresis
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profuse persperation
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If complaint is dehydration, check the ____
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mucous membranes
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1+ Edema
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mild pitting, slight indentation, no obvious swelling
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2+ Edema
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moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
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3+ Edema
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deep pitting, indentation remains for short time, leg looks swollen
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4+ Edema
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very deep pitting, indent. lasts long time, leg is very swollen
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Annular Lesions
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circular beginning in center and spreading outward (i.e. tinea corporis)
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Confluent Lesions
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Lesions run together e.e. urticaria (hives)
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Discrete Lesions
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lesions remain separate
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Linear Lesions
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scratch, streak, stripe (poison ivy)
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Zosteriform Lesions
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Linear arrangement along nerve route (herpes zoster)
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Primary Skin lesions
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Result from specific cause, devel on prev unaltered skin (macule,papule,nodule,wheal, vescicle,pustule)
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Secondary Skin lesions
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Result from a change in a primary lesion over time, an evolution chnge (crust,scale, fissue,erosion,ulcer,exoriation,scar, lecchenification, keloid)
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List the diseases for which you can be jaundiced
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hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell disease, transfusion reaction, and hemolytic disease of the newborn
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The skin feels____ if you have hyperthyroidism
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smoother, softer, like velvet
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The skin feels ____ if you have hypothyroidism
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rough,dry,flaky
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If you have edema, hair follicles look
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prominent-"pig skin" orange peel look
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Cherry angiomas
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small, smooth, slightly raised bright red dots on trunk and are benign
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Lesions with blue-green fluorescence indicates:
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fungal infection (i.e. ringworm)
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grouped lesions
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clusters, i.e. vesicles of contact dermatitis
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gyrate lesion
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twiste, coiled, snakelike
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target lesion
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iris, resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in the lesions (i.e. erythema multiforme)
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linear lesion
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scratch, streak, line, strip
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polycyclic lesion
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annular lesions grow together, lechen planus, psoriasis
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macule
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soley a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than >1cm (freckles, flat nevi, pertechiae, measles, scarlet fever
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patch
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macules that are larger than 1 cm (mongolian spot, vitiligo, measles, rash)
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papule
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something you can feel (solid, elevated, less 1cm dia, due to superficial thickening in the epider. mole, lichen planus, molluscum, wart
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plaque
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papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. psoriasis, lichen planus
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nodule
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solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1cm. may extend deeper into surface than papule: xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi
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tumor
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larger than a few cm in diam, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign
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wheal
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superficial, raised, transient and red, with swelling: mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism
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urticaria
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hives
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vesicle
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elev. cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm. clear serum flows if wall is ruptured: herpes, chicken pox, shingles,
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bulla
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>1cm usually single chambered, thin walled, friction blister, burns
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cyst
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encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis or subq layer, tensley elevat skin; sebaceous cyst, wen
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pustule
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turbid fluid (pus): impetigo, acne
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crust
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scab
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scale
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flakes (laminated sheets, silver, micalike, yellow, greasy, large adherent
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fissure
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linear crack with abrupt edges, dry or moist, (at corners of mouth
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erosion
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scooped out but shallow depression, heals with scar
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ulcer
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deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape, may bleed, stasis ulcer, pressure sore
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scar
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normal tissue replaced woth connective tissue
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lichenification
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prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules, looks like surface of moss
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excoriation
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self inflicted abrasion from scratching
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atrophic scar
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loss of tissue from injury
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keloid
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hypertrophic scar, elevated skin level; prevalent in blacks
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hemoangioma
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benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
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port-wine stain
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large, flat macular patch cov ering the scalp, face or along cranial nerve--does not fade
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strawberry mark: immature hemoangioma
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raised bright red with well defined borders; does not blanch with pressure, ususally disappears by 5-7y/o.
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cavernous hemangioma
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spongy mass of blood vessels, enlarging during first 10-15 months
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telangiectases
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vascular dilatation; permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible on the skin surface
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spider/star angioma
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capillary radiations with a pressure point that will blanch it's legs
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venous lake
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blue-purple dilatation of venules and capillaries in a star shape, linear. pressure causes them to empty or disappear
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Purpuric lesions
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blood flowing out of breaks in the vessels, rbc's and blood pigments are deposited in the tissues
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petechiae
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tiny punctate hemorrhages, discrete, dark red or purplle and will NOT blanch; bacterial infections show in mucous membranes
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purpura
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extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses, flat macular hemorrhage. seen in thrombocytopenia, scurvy, old needle trauma
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ecchymosis
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1: red/blue - 24 hrs
2: blue to purple 3: blue to green 4: yellow 5: brown and disappearing |
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basal cell carcinoma
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usually starts with skin-colored papule with a translucent top and overlying teangiecta; looks like large open pore with central yellowing
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List the diseases for which you can be jaundiced
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hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell disease, transfusion reaction, and hemolytic disease of the newborn
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The skin feels____ if you have hyperthyroidism
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smoother, softer, like velvet
|
|
The skin feels ____ if you have hypothyroidism
|
rough,dry,flaky
|
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If you have edema, hair follicles look
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prominent-"pig skin" orange peel look
|
|
Cherry angiomas
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small, smooth, slightly raised bright red dots on trunk and are benign
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|
Lesions with blue-green fluorescence indicates:
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fungal infection (i.e. ringworm)
|
|
grouped lesions
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clusters, i.e. vesicles of contact dermatitis
|
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gyrate lesion
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twiste, coiled, snakelike
|
|
target lesion
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iris, resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in the lesions (i.e. erythema multiforme)
|
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linear lesion
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scratch, streak, line, strip
|
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polycyclic lesion
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annular lesions grow together, lechen planus, psoriasis
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macule
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soley a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than >1cm (freckles, flat nevi, pertechiae, measles, scarlet fever
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patch
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macules that are larger than 1 cm (mongolian spot, vitiligo, measles, rash)
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papule
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something you can feel (solid, elevated, less 1cm dia, due to superficial thickening in the epider. mole, lichen planus, molluscum, wart
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plaque
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papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. psoriasis, lichen planus
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squamous cell carcinoma
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erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins, 1 cm or more. develops central ulcer and surrounding erythema; less common than basal cell and grows rapidly
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malignant melanoma
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arise from preexisting nevi, usually brown, may have scaling, flaking, oozing texture, soles feet and nails of blacks
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epidemic kaposi's sarcoma: Patch stage
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faint pink on temple and beard area, could be mistaken for bruis
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epidemic kaposi's sarcoma: advanced disease
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disseminated lesions involving skin, visceral organs, violet colored tumors over nose and face
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epidemic kaposi's sarcoma: plaque stage
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raised papules or thickened plaques; oval shaped and vary in color, red to brown
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smallpox
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viral infex, flu-like symptoms, malaise, fever, HA, vomitting, then a maculopapular rash appears, first in mouth face, arms trunk; no tx, 30-40% mortality rate
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anthrax
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bascillus anthracis, red, raised pruritic papule, round ulcer w/ vescles falls off, painless (within few weeks)
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alopecia
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balding due to aging, illness, drugs, endocrine disorders, trauma, dermatitis, heredity
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hirsutism
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excess body hair in females forming a male hair distrib due to endocrine or metaboloci dysf.
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folliculits
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superficial infex of hair follicle, pustules, whiteheads
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furuncle (boil)
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acute localized infex of hair follicle, bacterial (staph a), swollen hard pus filled
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abscesses
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traumatic introduc of bacteria into skin (deeper than faruncles)
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clubbing
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rounded nails
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onycholysis
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loosening of nail plate with separation from bed; candida, pseudonom infx, hyperthyroidism
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subungual hematoma
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bruise under nail
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beau's lines
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transverse depression of lunula; affects all nails, assoc with coronary occlusion, hypercalcemia and skin disease
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paronychia
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inflammation of paronychium; may produce rippling of nails
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Conditions of skin in aging adult
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senile lentigines (liver spots);
seborrheic keratosis, dark greasy and look stuck on ; actinic keratosis, red tan scaly plaques, become raised |
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Conditions of Hair in aging adult
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postmenopausal women: facial hair
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Condition of Nails
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brittle, thickend yellow
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