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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3Q:
Pathogenesis of Anaphylaxis |
IgE mediated
Type 1 Hypersensitivity |
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3Q:
Sensitization stage |
-first exposure to the allergen
-NO REACTION -it's the re-exposure that's the problem with the subsequent anaphylactic response |
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3Q:
Anaphylactoid Reaction |
NOT IgE mediated
-can occur after a first exposure! |
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3Q:
Anaphylaxis Manifestations |
Skin- flushing, puritis, utricaria
Upper resp- congestion, sneezing, itchy eyes, rhinorrhea Lower resp- bronchospasm, throat/chest tightness, SOB, cough GI- oral puritis, cramps, NVD CV- tachy, brady, hypotensive, shock, ischemia *sense of doom **don't always have cutaneous manifestation |
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3Q:
Describe Uniphasic, Biphasic, and Protracted Clinical Courses |
Uniphasic- most common
- <1 hr - resolve in <4hrs Biphasic- recurrence up to 8 hrs later or new symptoms Proteacted- hrs to days |
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3Q:
Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis, Criterion 1 |
acute onset of illness, involves skin, mucosal tissue, or both
-and at least one of the following: 1. respiratory compromise 2. reduced BP or assoc. symptoms of end-organ dysfunction |
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3Q:
Criterion 2 |
rapidly after exposure to LIKELY antigen
2 or more of the following: 1. involvement of skin, mucosal 2. resp. compromise 3. reduced BP 4. persistant GI problems |
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3Q:
Criterion 3 |
Reduced BP after exposure to a KNOWN allergen for the patient
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3Q:
Lab evaluations for anaphylaxis |
S- Tryptase; useful b/c it lasts longest
*don't wait for tests if you think its anaphylaxis |
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3Q:
IgE tests |
Skin Testing- quick response, but wait 4 weeks after episode
RAST- blood test to measure Ab specific for Ag |
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3Q: Tx for anaphylaxis
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brief, direct tx
focus on life-threatening manifestations -ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) skin exam looking for hives give o2, saline IV to replace fluids secondary tx: benedryl (diphenhydramine); H1 blocker ranitidine- H2 blocker albuterol via nebulizer |
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3Q:
Types and purpose of antivenom |
1. Horse Serum; not used much
2. CroFAb; monovalent immunoglobulin derived from sheep *purpose of antivenom is to bind to the venom to prevent local and systemic results |
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3Q:
Do's and Don'ts of snake bites |
Do's: apply pressure dressing or splint, keep it at or below heart
Don't: suction, ice, incisions, electrical shock, tourniquet, no alcohol |
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3Q:
Corns |
Thickenings of skin
-Usually form on or between toes -Form at sites of friction/pressure -Corns have a core or kernel of keratin that is painful -Commonly mistaken for plantar warts -Removal of corn gives relief -Orthotics or surgery may be needed - no skin line |
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3Q:
Callus |
superficial area of hyperkeratosis
-not well demarcated borders -from repeated rubbing skin, shearing, foot deformities, hammertoes tx by soaking and pummice |
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3Q:
Plantar Warts |
-Caused by HPV
-Wart on bottom of foot -Forms on areas of pressure -Cluster of these is called a mosaic wart -Small black dots are not “wart seeds”, but are thrombosed capillaries -Cryotherapy, duct tape occlusion are equally efficacious for wart removal |
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3Q:
Paronychia |
Acute: bacterial infection of the proximal and/or lateral nail fold with abscess formation
common caused by staph aureus, strep, pseudomonas, anaerobes tx: surgical incision and drainage, warm soaks, antibiotics, avoid irritants |
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3Q:
Onychomycosis |
dermatophyte infection
-fungal infection of finger and toe nails, -involves nail matrix -caused by Trychophyton Rubrum tx not topical, use oral antifungals |
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3Q:
Subungal Hematoma |
caused by trauma or build-up of pressure
Simple- in tact nail and margins Complex- fracture, nail base dislocation, tissue loss, skin laceration tx: trephination (if more than 25%) simple- cautery, hole, drain >50%--> complicated, so remove nail, then put it back on. |
