Skin-Superficial, Cutaneous, And Subcutaneous Infections

Front 1

How can all fungi be identified?

Back 1

microscopy, KOH digestion, and simple staining

Front 2

What are the 3 kinds of fungal infections?

Back 2

superficial, cutaneous, and subcutaneous

Front 3

T or F: superficial fungal infections produce inflammation.

Back 3

false

Front 4

What fungus causes pityriasis versicolor?

Back 4

malassezia furfur

Front 5

What do malassezia furfur use for food?

Back 5

sebum and sweat

Front 6

What is the most common superficial fungal infection?

Back 6

pityriasis versicolor

Front 7

What fungus causes tinea nigra?

Back 7

exophiala werneckii

Front 8

What fungus causes black piedra? White piedra?

Back 8

piedraia hortae, trichosporon beigelli

Front 9

T or F: cutaneous fungal infections cause inflammation?

Back 9

true

Front 10

Tineas are also known as what?

Back 10

dermatophytoses

Front 11

Tineas are mainly caused by what 3 fungi?

Back 11

trichophyton, epidermophyton, and microsporum

Front 12

What do cutaneous dermatophytes use for food?

Back 12

keratin

Front 13

Where do superficial and cutaneous fungi grow?

Back 13

dead layer of skin

Front 14

Superficial fungal infections include what 4 diseases?

Back 14

pityriasis versicolor, tinea nigra, and black and white pedras

Front 15

T or F: subcutaneous fungal infections are common.

Back 15

false

Front 16

What diseases are seen in cutaneous fungal infections?

Back 16

tineas

Front 17

What 3 diseases are seen in subcutaneous fungal infections?

Back 17

chromoblastomycosis, sporotrichosis, and mycetoma

Front 18

What 3 organisms cause chromoblastomycosis?

Back 18

fonsecaea, cladosporium, and phialophora

Front 19

What organism causes sporotrichosis?

Back 19

sporothrix schenckii

Front 20

What 2 organisms cause mycetoma?

Back 20

pseudoallescheria and madurella

Front 21

How can pityriasis versicolor be prevented?

Back 21

daily showers

Front 22

What occurence will usually makes pityriasis versicolor apparent?

Back 22

sunburn or tanning

Front 23

Malassezia furfur is what kind of fungus?

Back 23

lipophilic yeast

Front 24

Malassezia furfur can also be seen in what disease other than pityriasis versicolor?

Back 24

seborrheic dermatitis

Front 25

What is the treatment for pityriasis versicolor or cradle cap?

Back 25

1. topical itraconazole or ketoconazole
2. shampoos: selsun blue, head and shoulders
3. salicylic acid

Front 26

What are brown-black macular lesions usually on hands and/or feet? (fungal)

Back 26

tinea nigra

Front 27

Tinea nigra may resemble what other disease?

Back 27

melanoma

Front 28

What are brown-black pigmented yeasts? Where are they found?

Back 28

exophiala werneckii; found in soil and on shower curtains

Front 29

What are diseases that are caused by unrelated dark pigmented fungi?

Back 29

phaeohyphomycoses

Front 30

How is tinea nigra treated?

Back 30

1. salicylic acid
2. benzoic acid (whitfield's ointment)

Front 31

What disease has the fungus using keratin in hair as a nutrient and forms nodules?

Back 31

black or white piedra (named according to nodule color)

Front 32

Where would you find black piedra?

Back 32

tropical areas (seen in US)

Front 33

Where would you find white piedra?

Back 33

tropical areas (not seen in US)

Front 34

What is the best treatment for black or white piedra?

Back 34

shaving the head; antifungals are secondary treatment method

Front 35

T or F: dermatophytoses are communicable?

Back 35

true

Front 36

What is the most common tinea seen in the US?

Back 36

trichophyton rubrum

Front 37

Which tinea shows concentric rings of scale over trunk, legs, and forearms and can be "bulls-eye" shaped?

Back 37

tinea imbricate

Front 38

What tinea can take a "moccasin pattern"?

Back 38

tinea pedis

Front 39

What disease is also known as favus?

Back 39

tinea capitis

Front 40

What disease presents as either endothrix or ectothrix?

Back 40

tinea capitis

Front 41

What is endothrix?

Back 41

conidia inside of hair shaft

Front 42

What is ectothrix?

Back 42

conidia outside of hair shaft

Front 43

Why can tinea capitis occur so rapidly?

Back 43

inflammatory response and hair infection combine synergistically

Front 44

T or F: tinea barbae can be transferred from dogs.

Back 44

true

Front 45

What is another name for tinea unguium?

Back 45

onychomycosis

Front 46

What are the general treatments for cutaneous fungal infections?

Back 46

azole therapy, tolnaftate; terbinafine is d.o.c. for tinea unguium; griseofulvin is toxic w/chronic use

Front 47

What lesion is described as a wart-like, cauliflower, pigmented lesion, usually on the foot?

Back 47

chromoblastomycosis

Front 48

What is the typical course of subcutaneous fungal infection?

Back 48

months to years

Front 49

Chromoblastomycosis is associated with what microscopy?

Back 49

copper penny spores

Front 50

What disease is commonly referred to as "rose thorn disease?"

Back 50

sporotrichosis

Front 51

What lesion is an ulcerative papule, spread via draining lymph channels, and inclusive of nodular granulomas?

Back 51

sporotrichosis

Front 52

What is the most common subcutaneous fungal infection in the US?

Back 52

sporotrichosis

Front 53

What is the treatment for subcutaneous fungal infections?

Back 53

oral potassium iodide and itraconazole (d.o.c.)

Front 54

What is a mycetoma also known as?

Back 54

madura foot

Front 55

How does mycetoma enter the body?

Back 55

common in thorns and splinters

Front 56

Mycetoma can lead to destruction of what tissue over prolonged period?

Back 56

bone

Front 57

What are the most common organisms seen in mycetoma?

Back 57

madurella and pseudoallescheria boydii

Front 58

What would be the treatment if mycetoma were allowed to grow for too long?

Back 58

amputation

Front 59

Which fungus looks like spaghetti and meatballs under the microscope?

Back 59

malassezia furfur

Front 60

Yeasts commonly grow at what temperature? Hyphae?

Back 60

37 C; 25C

Front 61

Which form of malassezia furfur grows closest to the skin?

Back 61

yeast form

Front 62

T or F: malassezia furfur will flouresce under wood's lamp.

Back 62

true

Front 63

What are ids?

Back 63

papules distant from lesion site seen commonly in cutaneous fungal infections

Front 64

What are brown or black-pigmented yeast-like organisms as seen under the microscope?

Back 64

copper penny spores

Front 65

What portion of sebaceous glands is inhibitory for fungal growth?

Back 65

FA's and TG's

Front 66

In what disease would you see an asteroid body?

Back 66

sporotrichosis

Front 67

Which form of fungus is present in sporotrichosis related asteroid bodies?

Back 67

yeast form; sunburst is the budding yeast