Skin: Staphylococci (Gram+)

Front 1

Name three species of staphylococcus associated with human disease

Back 1

S. aureus
S. epidermidis
S. sapropyticus

Front 2

morphology of S. aureus

Back 2

spherical clusters
gram +
ferment sugars
grow on mannitol salts agar

Front 3

you hear the word "abscess", what are you thinking?

Back 3

S. aureus

Front 4

color of colonies: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S.saprophyticus

Back 4

S. aureus: golden yellow
S. epidermidis: white
S. saprophyticus: white

Front 5

mannitol fermantation: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

Back 5

S. aureus:postitive
S. epidermidis: negative
S. saprophyticus: negative

Front 6

novobiocin test: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

Back 6

S. aureus: Susceptible
S. epidermidis: Susceptible
S. saprophyticus: Resistant

Front 7

responsible for the shape and rigidity of cell wall of S. aureus

Back 7

peptidoglycan

Front 8

polymers of ribotol or glycerol phosphates (adherence of cell wall to cell membrane) of S. aureus

Back 8

Teichoic acids

Front 9

protein embedded in the cell wall, what does it bind to create an anti-opsonin effect?

Back 9

Protein A: binds to Fc portion of IgG

Front 10

what test distiguishes S. aureus from S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus?

Back 10

coagulase is Positive in S. aureus
coagulase is Negative in S. epidermis and S. saprophyticus

Front 11

protein promotes binding to mucosal cells

Back 11

Fibronectin-binding protein (FnBP)

Front 12

What virulence factor is predominantly polysaccarides and antiphagocytic?

Back 12

micro-capsule

Front 13

Toxins and Enzymes that are virulence factors for Staphylococcus aureus:

Back 13

Catalase
Coagulase (free/bound)
Hyaluronidase
Staphylokinase
Beta-lactamase
Hemolysins (alpha, beta, delta, gamma)
Leukocidin (panton-valentine)

Front 14

function of catalase:

Back 14

enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide
produces water and oxygen
distiguishes Staph from Strep

Front 15

function of coagulase:

Back 15

aids in clot formation

Front 16

bound coagulase

Back 16

enzyme found bound to cell wall
agglutination in plasma on petri dish

Front 17

free coagulase

Back 17

extracellular enzyme
clot formation in plasma in test tube

Front 18

function of hyaluronidase:

Back 18

breaks down hyaluronic acid (ground substance b/w cells) and allows organisms to invade

Front 19

function of staphylokinase:

Back 19

activate plasminogen to form plasmin (digests fiber clot)
opposite of coagulase

Front 20

function of B-lactamase:

Back 20

breaks the B-lactam ring
reason why Staph became resistant to PCN

Front 21

function of hemolysins:

Back 21

they effect the RBC and make them lysis

Front 22

function of leukocidin:

Back 22

toxin forms pores on white blood cells

Front 23

what exotoxins behave as "superantigens"

Back 23

toxic shock syndrome toxin
enterotoxins (A,B,C,D,E,G)

Front 24

what does a superantigen do?

Back 24

mess up activation of T-cells and presentation of MHC Class II molecules
strong non-specific inflammatory response and leads to serious damage

Front 25

1# cause of bactermia and sepsis:

Back 25

S. aureus

Front 26

pathogenesis of S. aureus

Back 26

Encounter -> Entry -> Spread and Survival -> Damage

Front 27

toxin mediated diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Back 27

toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome
food poisoning

Front 28

Two antibiotics that target DNA synthesis

Back 28

fluoroquinolones
metronidazole

Front 29

antibiotic that target RNA synthesis

Back 29

rifampin

Front 30

Two antibiotics that are folate antagonists

Back 30

sulfonamides
trimethoprim

Front 31

antibiotic that target cytoplasm membrane

Back 31

polymyxins

Front 32

Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes what disease?

Back 32

UTI in females

Front 33

Bacteria is found to have endotoxins: Gram Positive or Gram Negative

Back 33

Gram Negative have true endotoxins
Gram Positive have "endotoxin-like" properties

Front 34

What exotoxins from S. aureus behave as superantigens?

Back 34

Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin
Enterotoxins (ABCDEG)

Front 35

What are skin and soft tissue infections caused by S. aureus?

Back 35

Impetigo
Furuncles/Carbuncles
Wound Infections
Cellulitis

Front 36

What are musculoskeletal infections caused by S. aureus?

Back 36

Osteomyelitis
Arthritis

Front 37

Gram positive bacteria is found on prosthetic joints, IV catheres, and heart values, what am I?

Back 37

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Front 38

What bacteria is MRSA?

Back 38

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 39

What MRSA strain has Panton-Valentine leucocind?

Back 39

Community acquired strain USA300