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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What immunologic cells are seen in the skin? Which are unique to the skin?
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1. t and b lymphs, macrophages, mast cells
2. langerhans cells and keratinocytes |
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What is a localized collection of immune cells that leak from vessels into the skin?
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perivascular unit
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What is the basic function of a langerhans cell?
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dendritic cell (acts as an antigen presenting cell)
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Langerhans cell spacing in the skin forms what structure?
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lattice
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What happens after a langerhans cell takes up an antigen?
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travels to lymph nodes and then presents peptides to t cells; cytokines are released and inflammation occurs
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What molecules begin to be expressed after the langerhans cell migrates?
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MHC I and II, CD40, CAMs, B7(binds to CD28 on t cell to signal activation of t cells)
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What is the major cell type in the epidermis? Major function?
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keratinocyte; cytokine production (IL-1, TNF, and INF-gamma are proinflammatory); prostaglandin production
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What type of reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?
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IV
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How long does sensitization take in ACD? Which cells mediate this reaction?
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10-14 days usually; t-cells
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What factors distinguish bullous skin diseases? What usually causes them?
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1. bullae, antibodies, and immunoflourescence
2. antibodies |
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What kind of blisters are formed in bullous pemphigoid?
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tense blisters
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Where does bullous pemphigoid occur?
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subepidermal layers
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What antibodies are indicated in bullous pemphigoid?
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IgG and complement; somtimes IgE and eosinophila occur as well
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What is happening on the cellular level in bullous pemphigoid?
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antibodies react to antigens that keep keratinocytes attached to the basement membrane
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Bullous pemphigoid is most common in what age group?
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elderly
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Where does pemphigus occur?
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intraepidermal
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Which is worse, pemphigus or bullous pemphigoid?
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pemphigus
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What are the 2 kinds of pemphigus?
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pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus
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Pemphigus is associated with what HLA group?
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HLA-DRB1*0402
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What is happening on the cellular level in pemphigus?
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autoimmune: antibodies form against keratinocyte antigens that adhere skin layers together; causes intraepidermal acantholysis
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Why is pemphigus potentially fatal?
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infections are increased
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Which kind of pemphigus involves mucous membranes? Which involves the skin? Which is more fatal?
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1. pemphigus vulgaris
2. pemphigus foliaceus 3. pemphigus vulgaris |
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Where does dermatitis herpetiformis occur?
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supepidermal layer
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What are the components of dermatitis herpetiformis?
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IgA, complement, enteropathy, gluten sensitivity
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Where do lesions typically occur in dermatitis herpetiformis?
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elbows, knees, back, neck, and buttocks
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What antibody is indicated in dermatitis herpetiformis? Where does it deposit?
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IgA; between dermal-epidermal junction
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What is a positive auspitz sign?
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scrape off psoriatic scales and blood will appear
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T or F: psoriatic lesions are usually symmetrical?
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true
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What is happening in psoriasis?
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t cells produce proliferative cytokines, which increase rate of growth and shedding of keratinocytes
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What are some possible treatments of psoriasis?
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transdermal immunizations (being researched); tar, creams, steroids, UV light, biologics
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